Decathlon X Outercraft HydroBike

https://theawesomer.com/photos/2024/04/decathlon_outercraft_hydrobike_t.jpg

Decathlon X Outercraft HydroBike

Link

Don’t have the balance to use a stand-up paddleboard? Decathlon teamed up with Outercraft to design the Hydrobike – a unique watercraft that combines a paddleboard, pedal boat, and catamaran. It has inflatable floats, a single-seat, and modular storage for outdoor gear. It’s a proof-of-concept at this point, but we hope to see it go into production.

The Awesomer

Thoughts on how places of worship should handle concealed carry permissions

https://www.buckeyefirearms.org/sites/buckeyefirearms.org/files/styles/slideshow/public/field/image/church-pews.jpg?itok=8Az3o7SE

by Bob Jewell

Editor’s note: The author’s views in this column represent his personal advice for a church carry security team given current Ohio law and the realities of the legal process after a shooting and do not necessarily represent the position of Buckeye Firearms Association.

While the majority of states allow concealed carry in houses of worship, as of April 2024, Ohio is one of only eight states (plus the District of Columbia) that require permission from the church in order to carry a concealed handgun on church property.

Per Ohio Revised Code Section 2923.126, Duties of licensed individual:

(B), a valid license does not authorize the licensee to carry a concealed handgun into any of the following places: …

(6) Any church, synagogue, mosque, or other place of worship, unless the church, synagogue, mosque, or other place of worship posts or permits otherwise.

For the purpose of this article, I will use the word “church” to refer to all.

I work with a number of church safety/security teams, and I’m still surprised at how many church leaders are not clear about what the law states. Even in churches that know the law, I’m told that they suspect a number of people are carrying concealed that have not asked for the church’s permission. The wording of the Ohio statute is only part of what represents “the law.” The law is also defined by how courts rule, how prosecutors interpret, how juries are instructed, and, in the case of churches, how insurers view the intent of the law.

Since April 8, 2004: Buckeye Firearms Association celebrates 20 years of concealed carry in Ohio

In my discussions with church leaders, including some who have had actual shooting incidents, the law is viewed very differently in the aftermath of an incident in which firearms were involved. In fact, I believe that’s the perspective any house of worship should take when deciding what’s the best way to allow concealed carry. Work backward from “as if an incident has occurred” and ask what procedures, paperwork, and training should be in place to address all the questions that will come up in the aftermath.

Let’s start with a simple but important one. Since churches in Ohio must give permission for individuals to carry a concealed handgun, the church should have a written policy for how such requests will be handled to ensure they’re handled responsibly and consistently. It is certainly in the church’s right to have a policy that states no permission will be granted to an individual who requests permission to carry a concealed handgun on church property. But if the church decides that it will grant permission, then the church should have a written policy that outlines a set of criteria the individual will be required to meet. Let me highlight some of those criteria.

In my opinion (and the opinion of wiser people I’ve consulted with), the individual should, as a minimum, meet the following requirements:

  • Be a member of the church.
  • Have a valid state concealed handgun license.
  • Be a member of the church’s safety/security team.
  • Pass a state or federal law enforcement handgun qualification test biannually.

When the individual has met these requirements, the church should issue the individual a letter granting the individual permission to carry for no longer than a 12-month period.

Does Ohio law require this letter? No, but as I stated earlier, there are things you do to prepare yourself for how the various parts of the legal system will react given the occurrence of a deadly-force incident.

If the church is going to allow individuals to carry concealed, it should have an organized safety/security team with a leader selected by church leaders, as well as a policy on concealed carry and the use of force that the team operates under. This policy should be reviewed with the church’s insurer to ensure they have no concerns. Such a team should regularly run scenarios at the church to simulate an active-shooter incident, a verbally abusive individual, or a suspicious person. In houses of worship, the team should always remain welcoming yet vigilant.

Keep in mind that active law enforcement officers and retired officers who have maintained their certifications are permitted to carry concealed in a house of worship without asking for the church’s permission. If these individuals are known, the church should encourage them to be members of the safety/security team. They may also be able to provide the team with other skills, such as de-escalation techniques and the use of nonlethal force, such as pepper spray.

If your church has a safety/security team, you should inform local law enforcement that the team exists and ask how to communicate with them if an incident occurs.

As a final thought, if you’re a church leader, please don’t take lightly giving members of your church permission to carry a concealed handgun. It’s not only a significant decision for the church but also for the individual. My prayer is that the individual’s firearms skills will never need to be used, but if they do, the individual and the church will be under intense scrutiny in the aftermath. Having your policies and procedures in order beforehand will prove to be very beneficial when dealing with law enforcement, the legal system, attorneys, and insurers afterward.

Bob Jewell is a firearms instructor in the Cincinnati area. He is a Rangemaster Advanced- and NRA-certified Instructor, a graduate of the Law of Self Defense Instructor Program, and an accomplished tactical shooter. He annually participates in firearms, legal, medical, and self-defense training from top national instructors.


"Keep and Bear Radio" podcast playlist

With host Dean Rieck

Buckeye Firearms Association

23 Famous Magic Trick Secrets Revealed

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23 Famous Magic Trick Secrets Revealed

Link

Magic tricks are basically an agreement between the audience and the magician to accept a lie. The Paint Explainer compiled the secrets behind 23 well-known magic tricks and put them all in a single video. While we already knew some of these, like the Statue of Liberty disappearing and the needle-through-the-arm trick, others were new to us.

The Awesomer

Tortilla Chip Factory

https://theawesomer.com/photos/2024/04/tortilla_chip_factory_t.jpg

Tortilla Chip Factory

Link

Tortilla chips are Mexican food, so it’s a little strange to see a Japanese factory cranking out chips by the millions. Process X visited Koikeya to see how they turn corn kernels into deliciously crunchy snack foods. After boiling corn, machines mash it up into a doughy paste, cut that into triangles, bake and fry those before adding seasonings and packaging.

The Awesomer

Jeffrey Way’s PhpStorm Setup in 2024

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Jeffrey Way's PhpStorm Setup in 2024

Call it age. Call it apathy, if you must. I call it contentment. Much of my twenties were spent endlessly experimenting and searching for the perfect editor and workflow. As I read these words back to myself, I’m somewhat embarrassed. “Really? That’s what you spent your twenties doing?” Okay, well, not exclusively. I also like hiking. But, yes, if a new editor hit the market, I was first in line to test it out.

But that was a long time ago. Fast-forward to 2024, and I can’t remember the last time I installed a new code editor. In my eyes, PhpStorm won the IDE wars years ago. The quality and power that they’ve managed to bake into one application is truly staggering.

So, in that spirit, I’d love to share my setup and general workflow with you. As you’ll soon see, the term IDE no longer suggests an incredibly dense UI with hundreds of buttons (though that’s an option, if you prefer). No, I prefer a more minimal approach that I think you’ll appreciate. Okay, let’s do this!

Default Works for Me

When it comes to color themes, it has taken me a decade to realize that one of your IDE’s suggested defaults is usually the way to go. A plugin containing hundreds of themes, each of which misses the mark in some key area, isn’t a great experience. But your editor’s default themes have been battle tested in every possible configuration.

With that in mind, my preference these days is PhpStorm’s Dark theme, combined with their “New UI” (now the default layout).


Similarly, I also stick with the default JetBrains Mono font at 15px. Yes, it seems that age is becoming a recurring theme for this article. Fifteen pixels looks good to me now.


You’ll notice that I’ve also hidden line numbers and tabs. This is of course a personal preference – and a questionable one to many – however, it’s worth experimenting with for a day.

If you’d like to test it out, like all of PhpStorm’s various actions, you can toggle line numbers and tabs using the “Search Anywhere” menu, which defaults to a keybinding of “Shift + Shift.” Search for “line numbers” and “tab placement,” respectively.

For file traversal, I use a combination of the “Search Anywhere” and “Recent Files” menus. Even better, because all of PhpStorm’s file trees allow for instant filtering, I only need to open the “Recent Files” menu and begin typing the first few characters of the file that I want to open. It’s an incredibly fast workflow.

Plugins

When it comes to plugins, the truth is that PhpStorm includes most of what you need straight out of the box. Support for Tailwind CSS, Vue, Pest, Vite, and Node – to name a small handful – are bundled from the start.

As a former Vim user who will never abandon the keybindings that I spent over a year drilling into my finger tips, I do pull in IdeaVim, which is effectively a Vim engine. And if you want to play around with custom UIs and themes, consider installing the Material Theme UI, Nord or Carbon plugins.

But – there’s one incredibly important plugin that deserves its own heading…

Laravel Idea is the Secret Weapon

PhpStorm has a secret weapon that I’ve yet to see any competing editor match. Laravel Idea is a cheap third-party plugin (with a free 30 day trial) that provides an incredibly deep understanding of the Laravel framework.


It provides powerful code generation directly from your editor, Eloquent attribute auto-completion, pre-populated validation rules, smart routing completion, and so much more. Laravel Idea is the only plugin I pay for, and I do it without thinking. It’s that good.

Code Generation

Of course, Laravel and Artisan provide a variety of generators that can be triggered from the command line. However, if you prefer, you can instead run these generators directly within PhpStorm. Navigate to the “Laravel” tab in the menu bar, and choose “Code Generation.”

Here, you can choose your desired file type to generate. It’s so fast.

Notably, when generating an Eloquent model, you’ll be introduced to a dedicated dialog for configuring your desired fields, relations, and options.


Here, I can declare all of the appropriate fields for the model and toggle any companion files that should be generated in the process.

Automatic Validation Rules

Let’s see another example. Imagine that you have an endpoint in your routes file that stores a new Job in the database. Certainly, you should first validate the request data. Rather than writing the rules manually, Laravel Idea can do it for you.

Route::post('/jobs', function () {
request()->validate([
//
]);
});

Place the caret within the validate() array, press Cmd + n, and choose “Add Eloquent Model Fields.” Type the name of the relevant model, Job, and the plugin will populate the array with the appropriate rules, like so:

Route::post('/jobs', function () {
    request()->validate([
        'employer_id' => ['required', 'exists:employers'],
        'title'       => ['required'],
        'salary'      => ['required'],
    ]);
});

Useful! Laravel Idea provides countless time-savers just like this. It’s an essential plugin for every Laravel user, in my opinion.

Refactor This

The best argument for a dedicated IDE is that you want an editor that deeply understands your underlying language. If I need to rename a variable, implement an interface, or extract a method, I don’t want to rely on regular expressions or a third-party extension. I want that functionality baked into the editor. I want these things working properly to be directly correlated to the financial success of Jetbrains.

If you’re anything like me, you probably have keyboard shortcuts seeping out of your ears at this point. It’s incredible that we can remember so many across a wide range of apps. With that in mind, while there are respective shortcuts for each of PhpStorm’s refactoring options, I use the catch-all “Refactor This” menu, which I bind to Ctrl + t. Open “Search Anywhere” and type “Refactor This” to open the menu manually. This will display a top-level refactoring menu, at which point I can select my preferred refactor.


As always, begin typing to instantly filter the menu items. If I need to, say, extract a method, I would type “extract” and press enter. That way, I never have to reach for the mouse.

An Integrated Terminal

Beginning with the 2024 edition of PHPStorm, you’ll find a new integrated terminal UI that’s significantly improved over previous iterations.


It now supports auto completion, command history (press up), isolated command blocks, and more. I’d recommend binding the integrated Terminal to a shortcut that you’ll remember – I prefer "Ctrl + ` (Backtick)" or Now, you can rapidly toggle the terminal without ever leaving your editor.

Seamless Testing

Testing in PhpStorm is a breeze. Whether you prefer PHPUnit or Pest, it has you covered. Open any test class or file, and you’ll find a Run icon beside each test definition. Give it a click to run that single test in isolation directly inside your editor.


Of course, not every test will pass. For this reason, it can often be useful to re-run the last test from anywhere in your project. This way, you can open a class, make a change, and instantly re-run the failing test to confirm that the issue has been resolved.

The command you want for this behavior is “Rerun.” To avoid touching the mouse, consider assigning a keybinding, such as “Shift + Command + T.

Tip: You can configure your own keybindings within Settings → Keymap.


In the screenshot above, notice that the commented-out line in Comment.php has triggered a failing test. Let’s fix the issue by uncommenting that line (if only all bugs were this easy to solve), and rerunning the test (using Shift + Command + T).

Wew!

Auto-formatting

PhpStorm of course includes support for automatic code formatting in a variety of code styles. Within the Settings menu, visit Editor → Code Style → PHP and click “Set From” to choose your style.


This is helpful, but if you’d instead prefer an external code formatter such as Laravel Pint, you can easily instruct PhpStorm to disable its internal formatter in favor of your external tool. This is precisely what I do.

Open your Settings menu once again, and visit PHP → Quality Tools. Here, you’ll find a handful of external formatters. Select “Laravel Pint” and you should be all set to go!


Next, it would be nice if we could instruct PhpStorm to perform a series of actions or commands each time we save a file. For example, format the file, optimize the imports (sort and remove unused), clean up the code, run ESLint, etc. This is what the “Actions on Save” menu is for. You can access it within the Settings menu, as usual: Tools → Actions on Save.


Select your preferred actions, and the editor will execute them each time you save a file.

Debugging

Despite what its creator may suggest – 👀 – Xdebug can often be an exercise in frustration to install. It’s clear, though, that the PhpStorm team is well aware of this. They’ve done an excellent job making the process as simple and obvious as possible. Let me show you.

The first stop on your debugging journey is Settings → PHP → Debug. On this page, you’ll see a “Pre-Configuration” checklist to verify that you’ve properly installed Xdebug. Helpful!


This checklist roughly consists of installing Xdebug, choosing a browser toolbar extension, enabling listening for PHP Debug Connections, and then starting a debug session. I would highly suggest using the validator that PhpStorm links to in pre-configuration step one.

Validation Heads Up! If you’re using Herd Pro to automatically detect and enable Xdebug on the fly, PhpStorm’s configuration validator will fail if you simply copy the contents of phpinfo() directly from the command line (php —info | pbcopy). Instead, signal to Herd that you intend to use Xdebug. One way to do this is by setting a breakpoint. Click inside the gutter for any line number. Next, echo phpinfo() and copy its output directly from the browser.


Once you follow each step in the pre-configuration checklist, you should be ready to roll. Set a breakpoint, load the page, and start debugging like the champion you are.

Conclusion

And that’s a wrap!

You may have noticed, but programmers tend to have… opinions. When it comes to code editors, they have even more opinions. Of course, choose the tool that best fits your personality and workflow, but I really do think PhpStorm is worth your time. Having used it for many years at this point, I continue to discover new features and time-savers that I never knew existed.

If I’ve piqued your interest, we have an excellent and free PhpStorm course over at Laracasts. In 2.5 hours, we’ll show you everything you need to know. 🚀


The post Jeffrey Way’s PhpStorm Setup in 2024 appeared first on Laravel News.

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Laravel News

Jeffrey Way’s PhpStorm Setup in 2024

https://picperf.io/https://laravelnews.s3.amazonaws.com/featured-images/featured-img-laravel-news-2.png

Jeffrey Way's PhpStorm Setup in 2024

Call it age. Call it apathy, if you must. I call it contentment. Much of my twenties were spent endlessly experimenting and searching for the perfect editor and workflow. As I read these words back to myself, I’m somewhat embarrassed. “Really? That’s what you spent your twenties doing?” Okay, well, not exclusively. I also like hiking. But, yes, if a new editor hit the market, I was first in line to test it out.

But that was a long time ago. Fast-forward to 2024, and I can’t remember the last time I installed a new code editor. In my eyes, PhpStorm won the IDE wars years ago. The quality and power that they’ve managed to bake into one application is truly staggering.

So, in that spirit, I’d love to share my setup and general workflow with you. As you’ll soon see, the term IDE no longer suggests an incredibly dense UI with hundreds of buttons (though that’s an option, if you prefer). No, I prefer a more minimal approach that I think you’ll appreciate. Okay, let’s do this!

Default Works for Me

When it comes to color themes, it has taken me a decade to realize that one of your IDE’s suggested defaults is usually the way to go. A plugin containing hundreds of themes, each of which misses the mark in some key area, isn’t a great experience. But your editor’s default themes have been battle tested in every possible configuration.

With that in mind, my preference these days is PhpStorm’s Dark theme, combined with their “New UI” (now the default layout).


Similarly, I also stick with the default JetBrains Mono font at 15px. Yes, it seems that age is becoming a recurring theme for this article. Fifteen pixels looks good to me now.


You’ll notice that I’ve also hidden line numbers and tabs. This is of course a personal preference – and a questionable one to many – however, it’s worth experimenting with for a day.

If you’d like to test it out, like all of PhpStorm’s various actions, you can toggle line numbers and tabs using the “Search Anywhere” menu, which defaults to a keybinding of “Shift + Shift.” Search for “line numbers” and “tab placement,” respectively.

For file traversal, I use a combination of the “Search Anywhere” and “Recent Files” menus. Even better, because all of PhpStorm’s file trees allow for instant filtering, I only need to open the “Recent Files” menu and begin typing the first few characters of the file that I want to open. It’s an incredibly fast workflow.

Plugins

When it comes to plugins, the truth is that PhpStorm includes most of what you need straight out of the box. Support for Tailwind CSS, Vue, Pest, Vite, and Node – to name a small handful – are bundled from the start.

As a former Vim user who will never abandon the keybindings that I spent over a year drilling into my finger tips, I do pull in IdeaVim, which is effectively a Vim engine. And if you want to play around with custom UIs and themes, consider installing the Material Theme UI, Nord or Carbon plugins.

But – there’s one incredibly important plugin that deserves its own heading…

Laravel Idea is the Secret Weapon

PhpStorm has a secret weapon that I’ve yet to see any competing editor match. Laravel Idea is a cheap third-party plugin (with a free 30 day trial) that provides an incredibly deep understanding of the Laravel framework.


It provides powerful code generation directly from your editor, Eloquent attribute auto-completion, pre-populated validation rules, smart routing completion, and so much more. Laravel Idea is the only plugin I pay for, and I do it without thinking. It’s that good.

Code Generation

Of course, Laravel and Artisan provide a variety of generators that can be triggered from the command line. However, if you prefer, you can instead run these generators directly within PhpStorm. Navigate to the “Laravel” tab in the menu bar, and choose “Code Generation.”

Here, you can choose your desired file type to generate. It’s so fast.

Notably, when generating an Eloquent model, you’ll be introduced to a dedicated dialog for configuring your desired fields, relations, and options.


Here, I can declare all of the appropriate fields for the model and toggle any companion files that should be generated in the process.

Automatic Validation Rules

Let’s see another example. Imagine that you have an endpoint in your routes file that stores a new Job in the database. Certainly, you should first validate the request data. Rather than writing the rules manually, Laravel Idea can do it for you.

Route::post('/jobs', function () {
request()->validate([
//
]);
});

Place the caret within the validate() array, press Cmd + n, and choose “Add Eloquent Model Fields.” Type the name of the relevant model, Job, and the plugin will populate the array with the appropriate rules, like so:

Route::post('/jobs', function () {
    request()->validate([
        'employer_id' => ['required', 'exists:employers'],
        'title'       => ['required'],
        'salary'      => ['required'],
    ]);
});

Useful! Laravel Idea provides countless time-savers just like this. It’s an essential plugin for every Laravel user, in my opinion.

Refactor This

The best argument for a dedicated IDE is that you want an editor that deeply understands your underlying language. If I need to rename a variable, implement an interface, or extract a method, I don’t want to rely on regular expressions or a third-party extension. I want that functionality baked into the editor. I want these things working properly to be directly correlated to the financial success of Jetbrains.

If you’re anything like me, you probably have keyboard shortcuts seeping out of your ears at this point. It’s incredible that we can remember so many across a wide range of apps. With that in mind, while there are respective shortcuts for each of PhpStorm’s refactoring options, I use the catch-all “Refactor This” menu, which I bind to Ctrl + t. Open “Search Anywhere” and type “Refactor This” to open the menu manually. This will display a top-level refactoring menu, at which point I can select my preferred refactor.


As always, begin typing to instantly filter the menu items. If I need to, say, extract a method, I would type “extract” and press enter. That way, I never have to reach for the mouse.

An Integrated Terminal

Beginning with the 2024 edition of PHPStorm, you’ll find a new integrated terminal UI that’s significantly improved over previous iterations.


It now supports auto completion, command history (press up), isolated command blocks, and more. I’d recommend binding the integrated Terminal to a shortcut that you’ll remember – I prefer "Ctrl + ` (Backtick)" or Now, you can rapidly toggle the terminal without ever leaving your editor.

Seamless Testing

Testing in PhpStorm is a breeze. Whether you prefer PHPUnit or Pest, it has you covered. Open any test class or file, and you’ll find a Run icon beside each test definition. Give it a click to run that single test in isolation directly inside your editor.


Of course, not every test will pass. For this reason, it can often be useful to re-run the last test from anywhere in your project. This way, you can open a class, make a change, and instantly re-run the failing test to confirm that the issue has been resolved.

The command you want for this behavior is “Rerun.” To avoid touching the mouse, consider assigning a keybinding, such as “Shift + Command + T.

Tip: You can configure your own keybindings within Settings → Keymap.


In the screenshot above, notice that the commented-out line in Comment.php has triggered a failing test. Let’s fix the issue by uncommenting that line (if only all bugs were this easy to solve), and rerunning the test (using Shift + Command + T).

Wew!

Auto-formatting

PhpStorm of course includes support for automatic code formatting in a variety of code styles. Within the Settings menu, visit Editor → Code Style → PHP and click “Set From” to choose your style.


This is helpful, but if you’d instead prefer an external code formatter such as Laravel Pint, you can easily instruct PhpStorm to disable its internal formatter in favor of your external tool. This is precisely what I do.

Open your Settings menu once again, and visit PHP → Quality Tools. Here, you’ll find a handful of external formatters. Select “Laravel Pint” and you should be all set to go!


Next, it would be nice if we could instruct PhpStorm to perform a series of actions or commands each time we save a file. For example, format the file, optimize the imports (sort and remove unused), clean up the code, run ESLint, etc. This is what the “Actions on Save” menu is for. You can access it within the Settings menu, as usual: Tools → Actions on Save.


Select your preferred actions, and the editor will execute them each time you save a file.

Debugging

Despite what its creator may suggest – 👀 – Xdebug can often be an exercise in frustration to install. It’s clear, though, that the PhpStorm team is well aware of this. They’ve done an excellent job making the process as simple and obvious as possible. Let me show you.

The first stop on your debugging journey is Settings → PHP → Debug. On this page, you’ll see a “Pre-Configuration” checklist to verify that you’ve properly installed Xdebug. Helpful!


This checklist roughly consists of installing Xdebug, choosing a browser toolbar extension, enabling listening for PHP Debug Connections, and then starting a debug session. I would highly suggest using the validator that PhpStorm links to in pre-configuration step one.

Validation Heads Up! If you’re using Herd Pro to automatically detect and enable Xdebug on the fly, PhpStorm’s configuration validator will fail if you simply copy the contents of phpinfo() directly from the command line (php —info | pbcopy). Instead, signal to Herd that you intend to use Xdebug. One way to do this is by setting a breakpoint. Click inside the gutter for any line number. Next, echo phpinfo() and copy its output directly from the browser.


Once you follow each step in the pre-configuration checklist, you should be ready to roll. Set a breakpoint, load the page, and start debugging like the champion you are.

Conclusion

And that’s a wrap!

You may have noticed, but programmers tend to have… opinions. When it comes to code editors, they have even more opinions. Of course, choose the tool that best fits your personality and workflow, but I really do think PhpStorm is worth your time. Having used it for many years at this point, I continue to discover new features and time-savers that I never knew existed.

If I’ve piqued your interest, we have an excellent and free PhpStorm course over at Laracasts. In 2.5 hours, we’ll show you everything you need to know. 🚀


The post Jeffrey Way’s PhpStorm Setup in 2024 appeared first on Laravel News.

Join the Laravel Newsletter to get all the latest Laravel articles like this directly in your inbox.

Laravel News

Scientists Find Evidence in Mice That Inherited Alzheimer’s Could Be Transmittable

https://i.kinja-img.com/image/upload/c_fill,h_675,pg_1,q_80,w_1200/f936d268d68437f8339f234f95c9eca6.jpg

A new study this week points to a potential transmission risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers found evidence in mice that an inherited form of the neurological disorder can be passed on via bone marrow donation. While such a danger has yet to be confirmed in humans and likely to be infrequent if it can happen, the authors say more research has to be done to investigate the possibility.

Rebecca Hall on Filming Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire

The research was led by scientists from the University of British Columbia. They were interested in studying cells that produce something known as the amyloid precursor protein (APP)—proteins that seem to have several important functions but can also be turned into amyloid beta, a protein thought to play a driving role in causing Alzheimer’s disease. In those with Alzheimer’s, a misfolded and damaging version of amyloid beta accumulates in the brain, eventually forming into clumped-together deposits called plaques (a similar process occurs with the tau protein).

Most cases of Alzheimer’s are caused by multiple factors working together, such as age-related changes in the brain. But there are known inherited mutations that can make someone much more likely to develop it, usually at an earlier age than normal. Some of these mutations involve the gene that regulates APP production in cells. APP-producing cells aren’t just found in the brain, though, but throughout the body, including within our bone marrow. So the authors, led by immunologist Wilfred Jefferies, were curious about the potential of these outside cells to cause Alzheimer’s as well.

“We wondered, therefore, whether a familial form of Alzheimer’s disease could be initiated in a mouse after injection of the bone marrow from an afflicted mouse into the bloodstream of a normal mouse,” Jefferies told Gizmodo in an email.

The team first bred mice carrying a defective version of the APP gene found in humans, one that would ensure their development of Alzheimer’s. Then they transplanted bone marrow from these mice to two other groups of mice: mice with a normal APP gene and mice bred to have no APP gene at all. Following the transplantation, both groups of mice developed symptoms of cognitive impairment and clear signs of Alzhemer’s, such as plaque build-up in the brain. Those without the APP gene became sick quicker than expected, however, showing symptoms at six months old on average (both the original and normal APP-carrying mice began to show symptoms around nine months).

The findings, published Thursday in Stem Cell Reports, appear to demonstrate that “the mutated gene in the donor cells can transfer and cause” Alzheimer’s, Jefferies said. And while the mice without APP became sicker faster, the results suggest that even healthy individuals could be at risk from this route of infection.

Other scientists have found evidence that Alzheimer’s can be transmitted between people, though only under very rare and specific conditions, such as the donation of contaminated human growth hormone extracted from cadaver brains (a practice long since ended). And if there is a real transmission risk of familial Alzheimer’s via bone marrow transplantation, it’s likely to be low.

But based on their findings, the authors do “urge further investigation of this phenomenon,” Jeffries said. “We also advocate that human donors of blood, tissue, organ, and stem cells should be screened to prevent the inadvertent transfer of disease during blood product transfusions and cellular therapies.”

The authors plan to keep looking into the matter themselves. They would like to better understand exactly how these donated APP-producing stem cells, which can only turn into blood cells or platelets, not neurons, go on to trigger Alzheimer’s. They also hope to study whether other types of transplantation can transmit the disease or whether it’s possible to treat Alzheimer’s by transplanting normal cells to those afflicted with the condition; early animal trials involving stem cells have found some promising results for this approach.

Gizmodo

A feel-good moment more than 80 years in the making

http://img.youtube.com/vi/hUhUoL9t3Nw/0.jpg

 

Courtesy of James Higham at Nourishing Obscurity, I came across this touching video.  It seems there’s only one surviving airworthy Hawker Hurricane fighter from the Battle of Britain in 1940.  The mechanic who worked on that aircraft during the Battle is still alive, at 102 years of age, and was recently reunited with the plane.

A WWII RAF veteran had the chance to fly alongside the aircraft he helped maintain during the heroic Battle of Britain in 1940.

Jeff Brereton, who celebrated his 102nd birthday earlier this year, took to the air in BE505, the world’s only two seat Hurricane, with R4118, the only remaining airworthy Mk 1 Hurricane to have taken part in the Battle of Britain, and the aircraft Jeff worked on, flying alongside.

Jeff, who lives in Evesham, Worcestershire, said: “I have great memories of the plane. Of all the aircraft I dealt with, that was the one that stuck in my mind. It was unbelievable to be able to see that aircraft again, that it had survived.”

There’s more at the link.

Here’s a video report, including mid-air images.

I found the story particularly moving because my father was also an aircraft mechanic during the Battle of Britain.  I wrote about his World War II service some years ago.

It’s nice to come across a good news story like this in our turbulent, not-so-good world.

Peter

Bayou Renaissance Man