How to Complete the FizzBuzz Challenge in 5 Programming Languages

The FizzBuzz challenge is a classic challenge that’s used as an interview screening device for computer programmers. It’s a very simple programming task but it’s used to determine whether the job candidate can actually write code.

Sound fun and exciting? Let’s get started. In this article, you’ll learn how to solve the FizzBuzz challenge with implementations in 5 programming languages.

Problem Statement

You need to write a program that prints the numbers from 1 to 100 such that:

  1. If the number is a multiple of 3, you need to print "Fizz" instead of that number.
  2. If the number is a multiple of 5, you need to print "Buzz" instead of that number.
  3. If the number is a multiple of both 3 and 5, you need to print "FizzBuzz" instead of that number.

Try to think of a solution to solve this challenge with the help of loops and conditional statements before moving to the solution.

Approach to Solve the FizzBuzz Challenge

You need to follow the approach below to solve this challenge:

  1. Run a loop from 1 to 100.
  2. Numbers that are divisible by 3 and 5 are always divisible by 15. Therefore check the condition if a number is divisible by 15. If the number is divisible by 15, print "FizzBuzz".
  3. Check the condition if a number is divisible by 3. If the number is divisible by 3, print "Fizz".
  4. Check the condition if a number is divisible by 5. If the number is divisible by 5, print "Buzz".

Note: You can check if a number is divisible by another number using the modulo operator (%).  For example: 25 % 5 == 0, therefore 25 is divisible by 5.

Pseudocode for the FizzBuzz Challenge

Below is the pseudocode for the FizzBuzz challenge:

for number from 1 to 100:
  if (number is divisible by 3 and 5) then:
    print("FizzBuzz")
  if (number is divisible by 3) then:
    print("Fizz")
  if (number is divisible by 5) then:
    print("Buzz")

Related: What Is Coding and How Does It Work?

C++ Program to Solve the FizzBuzz Challenge

Below is the C++ program to solve the FizzBuzz challenge:

// C++ program to implement the FizzBuzz problem
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
for (int i=1; i<=100; i++)
{
// Numbers that are divisible by 3 and 5
// are always divisible by 15
// Therefore, "FizzBuzz" is printed in place of that number
if (i%15 == 0)
{
cout << "FizzBuzz" << " ";
}
// "Fizz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 3
else if ((i%3) == 0)
{
cout << "Fizz" << " ";
}
// "Buzz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 5
else if ((i%5) == 0)
{
cout << "Buzz" << " ";
}
// If none of the above conditions are satisfied,
// the number is printed
else
{
cout << i << " ";
}
}
return 0;
}

Output:

1 2 Fizz 4 Buzz Fizz 7 8 Fizz Buzz 11 Fizz 13 14 FizzBuzz 16 17 Fizz 19 Buzz Fizz 22 23 Fizz Buzz 26 Fizz 28 29 FizzBuzz 31 32 Fizz 34 Buzz Fizz 37 38 Fizz Buzz 41 Fizz 43 44 FizzBuzz 46 47 Fizz 49 Buzz Fizz 52 53 Fizz Buzz 56 Fizz 58 59 FizzBuzz 61 62 Fizz 64 Buzz Fizz 67 68 Fizz Buzz 71 Fizz 73 74 FizzBuzz 76 77 Fizz 79 Buzz Fizz 82 83 Fizz Buzz 86 Fizz 88 89 FizzBuzz 91 92 Fizz 94 Buzz Fizz 97 98 Fizz Buzz

Related: How to Learn C++ Programming: Best Sites to Get Started

Python Program to Solve the FizzBuzz Challenge

Below is the Python program to solve the FizzBuzz challenge:

# Python program to implement the FizzBuzz problem
for i in range(1, 101):
# Numbers that are divisible by 3 and 5
# are always divisible by 15
# Therefore, "FizzBuzz" is printed in place of that number
if (i%15 == 0):
print("FizzBuzz", end=" ")
# "Fizz" is printed in place of numbers
# that are divisible by 3
elif (i%3 == 0):
print("Fizz", end=" ")
# "Buzz" is printed in place of numbers
# that are divisible by 5
elif(i%5 == 0):
print("Buzz", end=" ")
# If none of the above conditions are satisfied,
# the number is printed
else:
print(i, end=" ")

Output:

1 2 Fizz 4 Buzz Fizz 7 8 Fizz Buzz 11 Fizz 13 14 FizzBuzz 16 17 Fizz 19 Buzz Fizz 22 23 Fizz Buzz 26 Fizz 28 29 FizzBuzz 31 32 Fizz 34 Buzz Fizz 37 38 Fizz Buzz 41 Fizz 43 44 FizzBuzz 46 47 Fizz 49 Buzz Fizz 52 53 Fizz Buzz 56 Fizz 58 59 FizzBuzz 61 62 Fizz 64 Buzz Fizz 67 68 Fizz Buzz 71 Fizz 73 74 FizzBuzz 76 77 Fizz 79 Buzz Fizz 82 83 Fizz Buzz 86 Fizz 88 89 FizzBuzz 91 92 Fizz 94 Buzz Fizz 97 98 Fizz Buzz

Related: How to Get Started With Python Using a "Hello World" Script

JavaScript Program to Solve the FizzBuzz Challenge

Below is the JavaScript program to solve the FizzBuzz challenge:

// JavaScript program to implement the FizzBuzz problem
for (let i=1; i<=100; i++) {
// Numbers that are divisible by 3 and 5
// are always divisible by 15
// Therefore, "FizzBuzz" is printed in place of that number
if (i%15 == 0) {
document.write("FizzBuzz" + " ");
}
// "Fizz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 3
else if ((i%3) == 0) {
document.write("Fizz" + " ");
}
// "Buzz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 5
else if ((i%5) == 0) {
document.write("Buzz" + " ");
}
// If none of the above conditions are satisfied,
// the number is printed
else {
document.write(i + " ");
}
}

Output:

1 2 Fizz 4 Buzz Fizz 7 8 Fizz Buzz 11 Fizz 13 14 FizzBuzz 16 17 Fizz 19 Buzz Fizz 22 23 Fizz Buzz 26 Fizz 28 29 FizzBuzz 31 32 Fizz 34 Buzz Fizz 37 38 Fizz Buzz 41 Fizz 43 44 FizzBuzz 46 47 Fizz 49 Buzz Fizz 52 53 Fizz Buzz 56 Fizz 58 59 FizzBuzz 61 62 Fizz 64 Buzz Fizz 67 68 Fizz Buzz 71 Fizz 73 74 FizzBuzz 76 77 Fizz 79 Buzz Fizz 82 83 Fizz Buzz 86 Fizz 88 89 FizzBuzz 91 92 Fizz 94 Buzz Fizz 97 98 Fizz Buzz

Related: The Best Beginner Projects for New Programmers

Java Program to Solve the FizzBuzz Challenge

Below is the Java program to solve the FizzBuzz challenge:

// Java program to implement the FizzBuzz problem
public class Main
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
for (int i=1; i<=100; i++)
{
// Numbers that are divisible by 3 and 5
// are always divisible by 15
// Therefore, "FizzBuzz" is printed in place of that number
if (i%15==0)
{
System.out.print("FizzBuzz"+" ");
}
// "Fizz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 3
else if (i%3==0)
{
System.out.print("Fizz"+" ");
}
// "Buzz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 5
else if (i%5==0)
{
System.out.print("Buzz"+" ");
}
// If none of the above conditions are satisfied,
// the number is printed
else
{
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
}
}
}

Output:

1 2 Fizz 4 Buzz Fizz 7 8 Fizz Buzz 11 Fizz 13 14 FizzBuzz 16 17 Fizz 19 Buzz Fizz 22 23 Fizz Buzz 26 Fizz 28 29 FizzBuzz 31 32 Fizz 34 Buzz Fizz 37 38 Fizz Buzz 41 Fizz 43 44 FizzBuzz 46 47 Fizz 49 Buzz Fizz 52 53 Fizz Buzz 56 Fizz 58 59 FizzBuzz 61 62 Fizz 64 Buzz Fizz 67 68 Fizz Buzz 71 Fizz 73 74 FizzBuzz 76 77 Fizz 79 Buzz Fizz 82 83 Fizz Buzz 86 Fizz 88 89 FizzBuzz 91 92 Fizz 94 Buzz Fizz 97 98 Fizz Buzz

C Program to Solve the FizzBuzz Challenge

Below is the C program to solve the FizzBuzz challenge:

// C program to implement the FizzBuzz problem
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
for (int i=1; i<=100; i++)
{
// Numbers that are divisible by 3 and 5
// are always divisible by 15
// Therefore, "FizzBuzz" is printed in place of that number
if (i%15 == 0)
{
printf("FizzBuzz ");
}
// "Fizz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 3
else if ((i%3) == 0)
{
printf("Fizz ");
}
// "Buzz" is printed in place of numbers
// that are divisible by 5
else if ((i%5) == 0)
{
printf("Buzz ");
}
// If none of the above conditions are satisfied,
// the number is printed
else
{
printf("%d ", i);
}
}
return 0;
}

Output:

1 2 Fizz 4 Buzz Fizz 7 8 Fizz Buzz 11 Fizz 13 14 FizzBuzz 16 17 Fizz 19 Buzz Fizz 22 23 Fizz Buzz 26 Fizz 28 29 FizzBuzz 31 32 Fizz 34 Buzz Fizz 37 38 Fizz Buzz 41 Fizz 43 44 FizzBuzz 46 47 Fizz 49 Buzz Fizz 52 53 Fizz Buzz 56 Fizz 58 59 FizzBuzz 61 62 Fizz 64 Buzz Fizz 67 68 Fizz Buzz 71 Fizz 73 74 FizzBuzz 76 77 Fizz 79 Buzz Fizz 82 83 Fizz Buzz 86 Fizz 88 89 FizzBuzz 91 92 Fizz 94 Buzz Fizz 97 98 Fizz Buzz

Start Your Coding Journey With a "Hello, World!" Program

The "Hello, World!" program is the first step for programmers to become acquainted with a new programming language. It’s considered to be one of the simplest programs possible in almost all languages.

If you’re a newbie to the programming world and exploring different languages, the "Hello, World!" program is the best choice to get started with a new programming language.

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Learn to Code Python Free With These Courses and Apps

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Python is a powerful programming language that is very popular and widely used. It has various real-world applications in data science, web development, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and much more.With so many available resources, knowing where to begin is sometimes overwhelming.

Learning Python can become even more confusing if you do not understand its basic building blocks. Without these fundamentals, you cannot build anything interesting. Luckily for you, though, we’ve compiled a list of free Python courses and apps that you can utilize to kickstart your Python career.

Keep reading to find out where you can learn Python free.

Where Can I Find a Free Python Course?


If you are someone who’s just started learning to code or are thinking about coding for the first time, then you’re going to need to start with the fundamentals. Perhaps you want to learn Python to start working as a freelancer, or maybe you’re thinking about a career change; whatever your reasons, maybe Python is a brilliant and versatile programming language that can help you achieve your personal goals.

For beginners looking for a free Python course, we recommend starting with the basic syntax and programming structure. Once you have acquainted yourself with the syntax, you can learn Python for a specific chosen area of interest.

Related: Coding Apps That Make Programming Easier

You do necessarily need to master Python syntax; this is something that you will learn while working on different projects. We recommend learning Python 3, since Python 2 is an outdated version that is no longer supported.

Here are some courses and apps you can use to learn the basics of Python for free:

Be careful not to spend too much time learning the syntax, because this is something that you can always come back to. A few weeks of practicing the basic Python syntax should be more than enough. After getting the hang of the fundamentals, you can go ahead and start working on Python projects in an area that interests you.

Learn Python For Data Science


Python is the most popular programming language in data science and machine learning (ML); it can solve complex problems efficiently with the aid of dedicated data analysis libraries. The demand for data scientists keeps increasing exponentially. If you learn Python for data science, artificial intelligence (AI), or machine learning, it will help open many career opportunities for you.

Bear in mind that data science is a vast field, and you need to learn many different skills to have a successful career in this area. These skills can include machine learning, text analysis, social network analysis techniques, information visualization, standard Python libraries such as Pandas, NumPy, and more.

Related: The Beginner’s Guide to Regular Expressions With Python

Here are some free data science-related python courses that you can use to kickstart your career as a data scientist:

  • Applied Data Science with Python Specialization: This course specialization is offered by the University of Michigan on Coursera, and will teach you data analysis skills and apply data science methods and techniques. The specialization includes five different courses that cover a range of different data science techniques.
  • Python Basics for Data Science: Offered by IBM on edX, this course will teach beginners the basics of Data Science and enable them to work on independent projects.
  • Python for Data Science, AI & Development: This course specialization is offered by IBM on Coursera and is comprehensive. It will cover Python basics, data structures, Python libraries, and APIs, and data collection.
  • Introduction to Computational Thinking and Data Science: This course is available for free on MIT OpenCourseWare and is a good place for students to understand the basics of Data Science and its application.

Please note that on Coursera, some courses are free and will provide you with a completion certificate at the end of the course. Other courses are paid, but you can still learn for free if you choose to audit the course. If you choose to audit a course, Coursera will not provide you with a completion certificate—but you will have access to the entire course content.

Learn Python for Web Development


Python’s sheer power and versatility make it an incredible platform for web development. You can use Python to create web-based applications in combination with JavaScript. Django (pronounced "jango") is a popular framework for web development and is used to create high-level websites. It is essentially a backend framework for Python and is very secure and easy to use.

Here are some free courses you can use to learn web development in Django:

  • Django for Everybody: This specialization is offered by the University of Michigan on Coursera and introduces Python programmers to building websites on the Django framework. The four courses included in this specialization will teach you to build web applications, use JavaScript and JQuery/JSON in Django, and much more.
  • Web Programming with Python and JavaScript: This course is offered by Harvard University and dives into designing and implementing web applications with Python, Javascript, and SQL.
  • A Beginners Guide to Django at Udemy: This free course on Udemy will take you through the basics of Django and get you started with building websites.

Learn Python Free for Hardware and Robotics

Python is very popular in applications for robotics and hardware engineering. You can utilize platforms such as Raspberry Pi and Arduino for coding with Python.

Here are some courses that can help learn Python for Robotics and Hardware:

Your Next Free Python Course Is Just a Few Clicks Away

Learning Python is never a bad idea, regardless of your reasons. Coding is a vital skill in the fast-growing technology world of today, and Python is at the center of it.

It is best to start with the basic syntax and then dive into small Python projects. Once you are comfortable with the fundamentals of Python, you should start looking into courses and projects of your interest. Hands-on practice with projects will allow you to master your skills and be a valuable addition to your resume.

MUO – Feed

Giant Plasma Cannon

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Giant Plasma Cannon

Link

If you’ve never seen one, a plasma popper is an awesome-looking device that directs a ball of propane gas through a series of twisted tubes. Charles over at Hacksmith Industries was asked to build a plasma popper, then leveled up the challenge with bigger and bigger versions, culminating with a massive fireball maker.

The Awesomer

How to Implement Laravel Livewire Infinite Pagination

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In this post, you’ll learn how to implement an “infinite pagination” component in Laravel with the help of Livewire. The cursor pagination will be used to paginate the data for faster and efficient querying over your model. The steps are very simple so let’s get started.

Laravel Livewire Infinite Pagination Example

1 – Install the Required Dependency

The dependency that you will need to have is “

Laravel Livewire

” and “

TailwindCSS

“.

composer require livewire/livewire

For the TailwindCSS you can make use of the available CDN otherwise you can refer to the

Installation Guide

for more options.

<link href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]^2/dist/tailwind.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

Full Base Layout Code
The full layout should be as follows. If you have an existing layout, do put the “@livewireStyles”, “@livewireScripts” and “” on the necessary location.

// views/layouts/app.blade.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="h-full">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Laravel App</title>
    <link href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]^2/dist/tailwind.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    @livewireStyles
</head>
<body class="font-sans antialiased bg-gray-50 h-full">

    <main class="mt-12 min-h-full">
        
    </main>

    @livewireScripts
</body>
</html>

2 – Create “InfinitePostListing” Livewire Component
Now that you have the layout code ready in place, it’s time to create a new “InfinitePostListing” Livewire component and you can use the command line to generate it.

php artisan livewire:make InfinitePostListing

Upon successfully creating the component you should see the command line output like below.

COMPONENT CREATED  🤙

CLASS: app/Http/Livewire/InfinitePostListing.php
VIEW:  resources/views/livewire/infinite-post-listing.blade.php

3 – Define the Route Endpoints
Before we start with the component logic, define the route in “routes/web.php” to provide the access endpoint.

# routes/web.php

Route::get('/infinite-posts', App\Http\Livewire\InfinitePostListing::class)
    ->name('posts.infinite-posts');

4 – InfinitePostListing Livewire Component Logic
Inside the Livewire component, you’ll need to define 3 methods:

  1. mount() – The lifecycle method to initialize the data 
  2. loadPosts() – The method to load more posts
  3. render() – The method to render the “views”

public function mount() {}

public function loadPosts() {}

public function render() {}

Other than that you will need to have 3 properties and they are the:

  1. $posts – To hold the posts data
  2. $nextCursor – to hold the next pagination cursor
  3. $hasMorePages – to determine whether there are more records
public $posts;

public $nextCursor;

public $hasMorePages;

The full code example will be as follows. Do note that Laravel Livewire component only accepts PHP “scalar types”,  “Models” and “Collection” so other than those types, the component will throw out an error.

<?php

namespace App\Http\Livewire;

use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Pagination\Cursor;
use Illuminate\Support\Collection;
use Livewire\Component;

class InfinitePostListing extends Component
{
    public $posts;

    public $nextCursor;

    public $hasMorePages;

    public function mount()
    {
        $this->posts = new Collection();

        $this->loadPosts();
    }

    public function loadPosts()
    {
        if ($this->hasMorePages !== null  && ! $this->hasMorePages) {
            return;
        }

        $posts = Post::cursorPaginate(12, ['*'], 'cursor', Cursor::fromEncoded($this->nextCursor));

        $this->posts->push(...$posts->items());

        if ($this->hasMorePages = $posts->hasMorePages()) {
            $this->nextCursor = $posts->nextCursor()->encode();
        }
    }

    public function render()
    {
        return view('livewire.infinite-post-listing')->layout('layouts.base');
    }
}

So a little bit explanation of the code above, there’s 5 important flow that you have to know.

  1. When the component is loaded, the “mount()” method will be triggered and the “posts” property is initialized with an empty Laravel Collection.
  2. Then the “loadPosts()” method is triggered to load the “posts” that are retrieved by the “cursorPaginate” method.
  3. The pagination will be determined by the “nextCursor” property which is encoded and decoded every time the “loadPosts” method is called.
  4. The retrieved data is “pushed” to the “posts” collection.
  5. Finally, the “render()” method renders the view for the user to see.
5 – InfinitePostListing Views

The views will loop through the “posts” properties and for this example, simple styling is applied with “TailwindCSS” classes. Assuming the “Post” model has a “title” and “body” column, you can access it as you normally would in Laravel Blade file.

Infinite Load Posts

The code for the views will be as follows. Do note that we are including the “skeleton” loading component to show that the post are being loaded when scrolling to the bottom of the page.

<!-- /resources/views/livewire/infinite-post-listing.blade.php -->

<div class="container p-4 mx-auto">
    <h1 class="font-semibold text-2xl font-bold text-gray-800">Infinite Load Posts</h1>

    <div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-8 mt-4">
        @foreach($posts as $post)
            <a href="#" class="block p-4 bg-white rounded shadow-sm hover:shadow overflow-hidden" :key="$post['id']">
                <h2 class="truncate font-semibold text-lg text-gray-800">
                    
                </h2>

                <p class="mt-2 text-gray-800">
                    
                </p>
            </a>
        @endforeach
    </div>

    @if($hasMorePages)
        <div
            x-data="{
                init () {
                    let observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
                        entries.forEach(entry => {
                            if (entry.isIntersecting) {
                                @this.call('loadPosts')
                            }
                        })
                    }, {
                        root: null
                    });
                    observer.observe(this.$el);
                }
            }"
            class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-8 mt-4"
        >
            @foreach(range(1, 4) as $x)
                @include('partials.skeleton')
            @endforeach
        </div>
    @endif
</div>

The skeleton component can be as simple as below.

<!-- partials/skeleton.blade.php -->

<div class="mt-4 p-4 w-full mx-auto bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-800 shadow-sm rounded-md">
    <div class="animate-pulse flex space-x-4">
        <div class="flex-1 space-y-4 py-1">
            <div class="h-4 bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 rounded w-3/4"></div>
            <div class="space-y-2">
                <div class="h-4 bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 rounded"></div>
                <div class="h-4 bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 rounded w-5/6"></div>
                <div class="h-4 bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 rounded w-5/6"></div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
Skeleton Component

Now when you scroll to the end of the page you will see the skeleton component and within a split second the next posts will be loaded.

By now you should be able to implement Laravel Livewire Infinite pagination and If you found this tutorial to be helpful, do share it with your friends, cheers and happy coding 🍻.

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Why I am the way I am

I have been listening to the book Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland on Audible on my commute.

It’s a difficult book to listen to.

In chapter 10, the author talks about the clearing of the ghetto at Międzyrzec to send the Jews to Treblinka.

What stuck out at me was that 11,000 Jews were deported and over 900 shot by a cadre of only 350 police.

Moreover, the police, due to the emotional stress of what they were doing (which is hard to consider, almost having to feel empathy for German police having to deal with their own psychological pressure of shooting thousands of Jews by firing squad) were drinking heavily.  They often got so drunk they had to shoot Jews multiple times because they would miss the kill zone at near point blank range and wound the Jews instead.

Again, 11,000 Jews were rounded up and deported and 900 were shot by 350 intoxicated German Order Police.

And there wasn’t one report of Jews fighting back.

The Jews were given shovels and picks to dig mass graves while guarded by only a couple of drunk German police, and not one Jew thought to whack a drunk German in the head with a shovel?

The hardest part of listening to this is the overwhelming sense of shame I have that 11,000 Jews, knowing what their fate would be, didn’t fight back with every last improvised weapon that they could get their hands on.

I actually understand the Germans.  Throughout history many people have enslaved, oppressed, and massacred others over tribal or religious differences.

What I don’t understand is how the Jews, who do outnumbered the Order Police just accepted their fate.

If you want to understand me and my anger issues, this is at a root of it.

I want to over compensate for the passive cowardness of European Jews with ferocity.

 

Comic for July 23, 2021

https://assets.amuniversal.com/f7235cd0c0a30139694a005056a9545d

Thank you for voting.

Hmm. Something went wrong. We will take a look as soon as we can.

Dilbert Daily Strip

New York public defenders cause hell to freeze over

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This is something I never thought I would see:

 

 

The incorporated Second Amendment affords the people “the right to keep and bear arms.” U.S. Const. amends. II, XIV; McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010); District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008). Despite the clear text and this Court’s precedent, New York’s licensing regime does the opposite. It deprives everyone of that right, only returning it to those select few who manage to first secure a firearm license from the police. For everyone else, possession of a firearm is effectively a “violent felony,” punishable by 3.5 to 15 years in prison. N.Y.

Penal Law §§ 265.03; 70.02(1)(b). New York’s licensing
requirements criminalize the exercise of the fundamental Second Amendment right, with rare exception.  As a result, each year, we represent hundreds of indigent people whom New York criminally charges for exercising their right to keep and bear arms. For our clients, New York’s licensing regime renders the Second Amendment a legal fiction. Worse, virtually all our clients whom New York prosecutes for exercising their Second Amendment right are Black or Hispanic.  And that is no accident. New York enacted its firearm licensing requirements to criminalize gun ownership by racial and ethnic minorities. That remains the effect of its enforcement by police and prosecutors today.  The consequences for our clients are brutal. New York police have stopped, questioned, and frisked our clients on the streets. They have invaded our clients’ homes with guns drawn, terrifying them, their families, and their children. They have forcibly removed our clients from their homes and communities and abandoned them in dirty and violent jails and prisons for days, weeks, months, and years. They have deprived our clients of their jobs, children, livelihoods, and ability to live in this country. And they have branded our clients as “criminals” and “violent felons” for life. They have done all of this only because our clients exercised a constitutional right. 

Therefore, we ask this Court to answer the question presented in a way that will protect the Second Amendment for all the people: by holding that Petitioners’ license denials violated the Second Amendment because New York’s licensing regime is unconstitutional.

I highly encourage you to read the whole thing.

The Black Attorneys of Legal Aid caucus, Bronx Defenders, Brooklyn Defender Services, The Franklin County Public Defender, Monroe County Public Defender’s Office, St. Lawrence Public Defender’s Office, Oneida County Public Defender, The Ontario County Public Defender’s Office, Ontario County Office of the Conflict Defender, and Wayne County Public Defender, all got together to write this amicus brief to the Supreme Court calling the NY gun licensing requirements oppressive, corrupt, racist, and unconstitutional.  Which it absolutely is.

This is something I never thought I would see, but reading it, I was reminded that these same groups got together to fight to overturn NY’s gravity knife law which was overwhelmingly being used by the NYPD to arrest black and Hispanic workers for carrying ordinary pocket knives they used for their jobs.

It seems like after watching years and years of government abuse, where rich white celebrities and the politically well connected can bribe their way into a gun license, but minorities who had neither influence nor affluence ended up in prison, they came to the conclusion that hyper-restrictive may issue is just a scheme that allows police and politicians to enrich themselves through corruption and oppress everyone else.

I really hope they win.

Dune’s New Trailer Is All About Paul Atreides’ Great and Terrible Destiny

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If Paul Atreides (Timothée Chalamet) got hit with that Gom Jabbar, this would be a super short movie.
Screenshot: Legendary/Warner Bros.

The prophecy has spoken, and it says we’re all in big trouble. The latest trailer has surfaced from the sand for Denis Villeneuve’s Dune, which sees Paul Atreides (Timothée Chalamet) facing off against two of the greatest enemies his family has ever known: Baron Harkonnen (Stellan Skarsgård), and himself.

Warner Bros. has finally released a new trailer for Dune, the star-studded sci-fi spectacular based on the award-winning novel by Frank Herbert. Chalamet stars as Paul Atreides, the only son of Lady Jessica (Rebecca Ferguson) and Duke Leto Atreides (Oscar Isaac). He’s set to inherit his father’s empire—which includes Arrakis, a harsh, unforgiving desert planet that houses the most important substance in the known world.

Paul has spent years training to be the leader of House Atreides—while also under the tutelage of Lady Jessica, a member of the powerful Bene Gesserit order—only to see it crumble before his eyes as the villainous Baron Harkonnen and his nephew Glossu (Dave Bautista) start a war over control of Arrakis. It’s a battle that brings him to the front door (or dunes) of the Fremen, the native inhabitants of the planet. Alongside the Fremen leader Stilgar (Javier Bardem) and warrior Chani (Zendaya), Paul strikes back to save the planet and its people—while also discovering a larger destiny that could change the very fabric of the universe.

Dune also stars Jason Momoa as Duncan Idaho, Charlotte Rampling as Reverend Mother Mohiam (aka Gaius Helen Mohiam), Josh Brolin as Gurney Halleck, Stephen McKinley Henderson as Thufir Hawat, Sharon Duncan-Brewster as Dr. Liet Kynes, Chang Chen as Dr. Wellington Yueh, and David Dastmalchian as the evil Mentat Piter de Vries. It was originally scheduled to come out on November 20, 2020, then got pushed back a few weeks to December 18, 2020. Because of the novel coronavirus pandemic, Dune was further delayed to October 22. It will be coming out simultaneously in theaters and on HBO Max—even though this is something Villeneuve spoke out against when it was first announced.


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Magnetic Flywheel Generator

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Magnetic Flywheel Generator

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Aerospace engineer Tom Stanton has a thing for flywheels. Here, he first shows us how to build a flywheel that spins smoothly thanks to magnetic levitation, then how that spinning action can be used to generate a small amount of electricity and capture it via copper induction coils.

The Awesomer