We will be implementing a multi-database tenancy package of mine, stancl/tenancy into a simple Laravel blog example I found on GitHub.

The main feature of the package is that you don’t have to make any changes to your app’s code. After it identifies the tenant using the hostname, it automatically configures database, Redis, cache and the filesystem for that tenant.

This tutorial explains the basics of making an app multi-tenant using this package. For a real-world production application, you should read the documentation. It’s not long.

Installing the tenancy package

The package supports Laravel 5.7 and 5.8.

You will also need Redis and phpredis.

composer require stancl/tenancy

Adding middleware

Open app/Http/Kernel.php and make the Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\InitializeTenancy middleware top priority, to make sure everything is configured for tenancy before any code is run.

protected $middlewarePriority = [ \Stancl\Tenancy\Middleware\InitializeTenancy::class, // ... ];

Making the routes multi-tenant

The package lets you have tenant routes in routes/tenant.php and shared routes in routes/web.php. When someone visits a tenant route, the InitializeMiddleware will configure everything for tenancy. If you have some content you don’t want to apply tenany for, such as landing pages, sign up pages, etc, put those into web.php.

Since we don’t have any shared content, we’ll just rename routes/web.php to routes/tenant.php and create an empty routes/web.php file.

Configuration

First you need to publish the configuration file of the package. Run

php artisan vendor:publish --provider='Stancl\Tenancy\TenancyServiceProvider' --tag=config

and you should see something along the lines of Copied File [...] to [/config/tenancy.php].

This lets us make changes to the configuration file of the tenancy package. I don’t want to use MySQL for this simple repository, so I will change the DB driver for the application in .env and for the package in config/tenancy.php:

// .env DB_CONNECTION=sqlite // config/tenancy.php 'database' => [ 'based_on' => 'sqlite', // ... ],

Creating a Redis connection

By default, the package uses Redis as the "central" storage — for storing data about tenants. Redis is ideal for this thanks to its high performance. You don’t really need to use a relational database for this.

Add this to database.redis config:

'tenancy' => [ 'host' => env('TENANCY_REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'), 'password' => env('TENANCY_REDIS_PASSWORD', null), 'port' => env('TENANCY_REDIS_PORT', 6379), 'database' => env('TENANCY_REDIS_DB', 3), ],

Make sure you use a unique database number — Redis supports 16 databases which let you have multiple applications use the same Redis instance without any conflicts.

Creating tenants

We’ll create two tenants to see that the data separation works correctly. We’ll be using php artisan tinker to keep it simple. For your app, you should create a page that does this.

We’ll use these two subdomains:

• tenant1.localhost
• tenant2.localhost

Anything under the .localhost TLD is automatically redirected to 127.0.0.1, so we don’t have to make any changes to /etc/hosts.

Open php artisan tinker and run these two functions:

>>> tenant()->create('tenant1.localhost') => [ "uuid" => "e5611150-9a9e-11e9-8315-b9eb127de2b8", "domain" => "tenant1.localhost", ] >>> tenant()->create('tenant2.localhost') => [ "uuid" => "e8002ec0-9a9e-11e9-8095-51e64ce28359", "domain" => "tenant2.localhost", ]

Migrations

We’ll move all migrations from database/migrations to database/migrations/tenant so that we can run them for our tenants.

touch database/migrations/tenant mv database/migrations/*.php database/migrations/tenant

Now we run php artisan tenants:migrate:

php artisan tenants:migrate Tenant: e8002ec0-9a9e-11e9-8095-51e64ce28359 (tenant2.localhost) Migrating: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table Migrating: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131126_create_posts_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131126_create_posts_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131334_create_categories_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131334_create_categories_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131558_create_tags_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131558_create_tags_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131702_create_post_tag_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131702_create_post_tag_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131909_create_comments_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131909_create_comments_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_133429_add_columns_to_user Migrated: 2017_03_04_133429_add_columns_to_user Tenant: e5611150-9a9e-11e9-8315-b9eb127de2b8 (tenant1.localhost) Migrating: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table Migrating: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131126_create_posts_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131126_create_posts_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131334_create_categories_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131334_create_categories_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131558_create_tags_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131558_create_tags_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131702_create_post_tag_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131702_create_post_tag_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_131909_create_comments_table Migrated: 2017_03_04_131909_create_comments_table Migrating: 2017_03_04_133429_add_columns_to_user Migrated: 2017_03_04_133429_add_columns_to_user

_{Note: If you’re using the same sample blog repository as I chose, you might have to tweak the 2017_03_04_133429_add_columns_to_user migration (make the API key nullable). This is not an issue with the tenancy package but with the blog repository. I have submitted a PR so by the time you’re reading this, this should no longer be an issue.}

Seeding the database

php artisan tenants:seed --class DummyDataSeeder Tenant: e8002ec0-9a9e-11e9-8095-51e64ce28359 (tenant2.localhost) Database seeding completed successfully. Tenant: e5611150-9a9e-11e9-8315-b9eb127de2b8 (tenant1.localhost) Database seeding completed successfully.

Visiting the sites

I didn’t want to set up Apache or Nginx just for a simple demonstration, so I used:

php artisan serve

Now we can visit the sites. If we visit tenant1.localhost:8000 and tenant2.localhost:8000, we can see two same applications, running from the same source code, but with different content.

First blog

Second blog

Closing

My package makes it very easy to implement multi-tenancy into any Laravel application in a way that the application code doesn’t have to be aware of any tenancy. The magic is automatically identifying tenants based on the subdomain when a route in the routes/tenant.php file is visited (those routes have the InitializeTenancy middleware applied on them) and then accordingly switching the database and Redis connections and making some changes to the cache and filesystem.

If you’re building a multi-tenant app, I highly recommend using this package. Implementing tenancy on your own can be painful, which is why I created this package — any Laravel application I make can be made multi-tenant in 5 minutes using this package.

Thanks for reading. If you have any questions or suggestions about the package, feel free to open Issues on the GitHub page.

Trailer FrenzyA special place to find the newest trailers for movies and TV shows you’re craving.  

If you thought Dwayne Johnson channeling a teenage boy in the video game version of “Jumaaanjee,” you ain’t seen nothing yet. Check out the first trailer for Jumanji: The Next Level.

Jumanji: The Next Level is the sequel to the surprise hit Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and the story picks up some time after the events of the previous movie, when four teenagers ended up in the bodies of video game avatars (played by Johnson, Kevin Hart, Karen Gillan, and Jack Black), forced to play the game to get out alive.

Spencer (Alex Wolff) has seemingly gone missing inside the now-malfunctioning video game, and it’s up to his three friends to go in after him. Once our heroes step inside, they quickly realize something’s wrong. Bethany’s nowhere to be found, characters are switching places…and two old guys have shown up! That’s right, Danny DeVito and Danny Glover are playing the game too. DeVito’s character is in Johnson’s avatar, and Hart is channeling Glover.

I will say: Watching Johnson and Hart play two old guys is more of a delight than I anticipated. Johnson’s got that Nor’Easter accent down. However, it’ll be sad not seeing Black perfectly channeling Bethany, as Fridge (Ser’Darius Blain) is now in his body.

Jumanji: The Next Level sees the return of Nick Jonas, Madison Iseman, and Morgan Turner, along with a new character played by Awkwafina. The movie debuts on December 13.

For more, make sure you’re following us on our new Instagram @io9dotcom.

Boeing 757 airplane engine transformed into one-of-a-kind barbecue grill.

Airplane BBQ Grill made out of recycled Pratt & Whitney PW2000 series engine parts by Delta Airlines TechOps team in Atlanta, Georgia.

Also check out: Boeing 757 Airplane Hotel

Josh Wayner for TTAG

Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you’ll know that SIG SAUER has upped the ante in the concealed carry and self-defense world with their P365. For the cave dwellers among you, the P365 — SIG calls it “America’s most popular handgun” — is a sub-compact 9mm pistol that boasts excellent accuracy and a staggering 10+1 standard capacity in a very compact form factor.

Recently they raised the bar by making their already innovative pistol safer in the eyes of many people, this writer included.

The P365 variant here, announced at this year’s SHOT Show, features a manual thumb safety. That may not seem like that much of a big deal until you realize that a manual safety is a make or break option for many, many shooters. I conducted an informal survey among several dozen people I encountered in the course of my daily travels and about two-thirds of the crowd wanted an external safety.

Tactical polo bros rarely value a manual safety and sometimes consider it to be a dangerous feature or an outright liability. This high-speed mentality often ignores the fact that the majority of people who carry aren’t gun people and want simple, safe features that they are comfortable with.

I won’t get into the nuances of this mentality as I could never consume enough Monster Energy flavored vape cartridges to put myself into the mindset necessary to relay it to you.

Suffice to say, even routine actions like loading and holstering can lead to an accidental discharge or an unsafe situation when no manual safety is present. The fact that the gun is basically ready to fire the moment you put your hand on the grip is not something that delights many people, especially those who carry off-body in a purse, backpack, or diaper bag.

The addition of a manual safety model to the P365 line is the thing that fully convinced me to make this a daily use carry gun. I previously reviewed the original P365 and liked it, but I never really felt great about carrying it. The triggers on the P365 pistols I have tested are light and crisp, just like a full-size pistol.

The small grip and crisp trigger made it so that I was somewhat uncomfortable with carrying it for fear of an accidental discharge. The addition of a manual safety makes me completely comfortable with it now in both a pocket holster or IWB.

Josh Wayner for TTAG

I have carried a Smith & Wesson .38 J-Frame for years and it has no manual safety. It also has a super-heavy double action trigger that really can’t be pulled by accident.

The SIG P365 has a trigger pull that’s significantly lighter at about 7 lbs, which puts it in the same range as most regular 1911s and some AR rifles. That’s relatively light, which, in my book, makes it absolutely necessary to exercise caution when carrying with a round chambered. There is no trigger safety, so it is imperative that you are unerringly careful.

While it may not seem like a huge upgrade, the manual thumb safety makes the P365 one of the safest everyday carry guns on the market today. The safety itself is ambidextrous and clicks positively into position. A great feature of this model is that it can be loaded and unloaded with the safety on. The same can’t be said for many other guns which only allow loading with the thumb safety off.

15 round magazines do add a bit of length, however they are great for a backup mag. (Josh Wayner for TTAG)

Aside from the safety, the features of the gun are the same as the standard P365 (see our review here). Night sights are standard. They’re easy to use and are very easy to pick up in low light or total darkness. Magazines drop free with no hangups. Included with the gun are two, 10-round mags, one with a short finger extension and the other a flush fit version. Twelve and 15-round extended mags are available, too.

I tested this new SIG P365 version with the safety with a mountain of ammunition to fully ensure that it’s able to pass my own standards for a carry gun and to dispel lingering rumors of problems with the design.

The P365 I received saw over 2,000 rounds right out of the box and was never cleaned or even wiped down. I fired just about every brand of ammo and recorded my results below.

SIG SAUER 115gr 365———————————-1075fps, 1.25”
SIG SAUER 365 115gr FMJ—————————–1067fps, .75”
SIG SAUER 365 115gr V-Crown————————1079fps, .75”
SIG SAUER 124gr V-Crown—————————–1140fps, 1”
SIG SAUER 124gr FMJ———————————-1112fps, 1.25”
SIG SAUER 115gr V-Crown—————————–1190fps, 1.25”
SIG SAUER 147gr Elite Competition———————899fps, .75”
Hornady 135gr +P Critical Duty————————1050fps, 1.5”
Hornady 124gr +P Critical Duty————————1130fps, 1.5”
Hornady Custom 147gr XTP—————————–950fps, 2”
Hornady Critical Defense 115gr FTX——————–1123fps, 2”
Buffalo Bore 147gr Outdoorsman———————–1000fps, 2.5”
Buffalo Bore Barnes 95gr +P+ ————————–1349fps, 2”
Buffalo Bore 147gr JHP +P+ —————————-1060fps, 1”
Black Hills 115gr FMJ————————————1075fps, 1”
Black Hills 100gr HoneyBadger +P———————-1175fps, .5”
Black Hills 125gr Subsonic HoneyBadger—————-973fps, 2”
Lehigh Defense 70gr HERO——————————1490fps .5”
Lehigh Defense 90gr Xtreme Defense +P—————1301fps, 1”
Lehigh Defense 105gr Controlled Fracture————-1100fps, .75”
Lehigh Defense 105 Max Expansion——————–1050fps, .75”

Accuracy shown is the average of three, five-shot groups at 15 yards and velocity is the average of 10 rounds fired over an Oehler 35P chronograph five feet from the muzzle.

As far as general performance was concerned, the P365 shot anything and everything I put through it. I had absolutely no failures to feed, to fire, or to eject with any ammo tested. The pistol was very accurate, especially for a compact carry gun, with virtually everything I fired through it.

Black Hills 100gr +P is an amazing load. (Josh Wayner for TTAG)

Of particular note was the accuracy I got from the Black Hills 100gr HoneyBadger. I have tested this load in numerous guns across many months and even did a standalone review here on TTAG. I keep coming back to this load in my article notes as it is just so damn accurate and reliable. I love all the ammo I test, but for whatever reason this load from Black Hills is always the most accurate at every range.

Close in at 15 yards it was matched by Lehigh Defense’s HERO load, but out to 25 yards it quickly outpaces all the others and behaves like a little rifle round. I was easily able to make hit after hit at 50 yards on a 10” plate using the Black Hills load.

Josh Wayner for TTAG

That said, I am always impressed by the ammo innovations from the other companies featured in this article. For general carry, SIG’s 365 load is hard to beat. You can read the review of that here.

Hornady makes some of the best carry ammo out there and their Critical Duty loads inspire plenty of confidence. Look forward to a detailed review of the 135gr +P this summer. Buffalo Bore makes some of the most powerful 9mm available and you can find a review of the 95gr +P+ here.

Josh Wayner for TTAG

The P365 Manual Safety is one of the most compact, reliable, and accurate handguns you can own today. I will be using this pistol across the summer for most of ammo testing. I think that it will serve me and you well as you read the results I get. I don’t recommend this gun lightly, either.

Specifications: SIG SAUER P365 Manual Safety

Caliber: 9x19mm
Barrel Length: 3.1”
Overall Length: 5.8”
Width: 1”
Weight: 17.8oz
Sights: SIG XRAY Night Sights
Magazine: 10 round standard, 12-round magazine and 15-round magazine available
MSRP: $599 (seen about $100 lower retail)

Ratings (Out of Five Stars):

Accuracy * * * * *
This is probably the most accurate compact semi-automatic everyday carry gun I’ve ever used. It shot like a full-size pistol and refused to miss even small targets.

Reliability * * * * *
I put a stupid number of rounds through the P365-MS in only a couple of range trips to ensure it goes bang every time. In 2,000+ rounds it never failed to feed or fire.

Ergonomics * * * * *
This is a well-engineered pistol that feels great in the hand and carries easily on the hip. The manual safety lever feels very positive and is easy to disengage.

Customize This * * * * *
It already comes with XRAY3 night sights. The ability to change out grip modules, change colors, add lasers, swap sights, and go from 10+1 to as many as 15+1 makes this one of the most user-friendly carry guns out there.

Aesthetics * * * * 
The gun is small and efficient. I love the smooth lines and high capacity (for a sub-compact). Many small carry guns are plain, if not downright ugly, but SIG managed to make the P365 fairly pretty and functional.

Overall * * * * *
Just like the article says, this may be the best carry gun on the market right now. There is really nothing out there that even comes close when you blend size, capacity and features. The addition of the safety option makes it darn close to perfect.