Category: Uncategorized

Google v. Oracle: Amici Weigh in on Why the Supreme Court Should Reverse the Federal Circuit’s Rulings

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Guest post by Professor Pamela Samuelson, Berkeley Law School

In the past week 28 amicus curiae briefs were filed in the Google v. Oracle case, including one written by me and Catherine Crump (of which more below). All but two support reversal of one or both of the Federal Circuit’s copyrightability and fair use rulings.[1]

Especially significant are IBM’s brief with Red Hat arguing against the copyrightability of computer interfaces and Microsoft’s brief criticizing the Federal Circuit’s unduly rigid fair use analysis and indifference to the need for flexible rules that promote interoperability in today’s highly connected world. The briefs are substantively excellent, and significant because these firms are such prominent developers of software.

For those interested in the case who are not computing professionals, I recommend the amicus briefs submitted by 83 computer scientists and by the Developers Alliance which explain the Java API technology and why reuse of Java declarations and interfaces generally is so important to enabling compatibility. Several other briefs, including one for the Center for Democracy and Technology et al., and another for R Street and Public Knowledge, offer numerous examples of compatible software systems that benefit consumers as well as software developers

By my count, more than half of the 28 amicus briefs focus only on the copyrightability issue and another 9 address both the copyrightability and fair use issues. Only 4—the Microsoft, Tushnet, Snow, and Rauschenberg Foundation briefs–address only fair use. This was a something of a surprise given that the fair use decision seems quite vulnerable to challenge. After all, a jury rendered a verdict in favor of Google’s fair use defense, and appellate courts are supposed to defer to jury verdicts. Several amicus briefs take the Federal Circuit to task for substituting its judgment on the merits for the jury’s as to issues about which there was conflicting evidence in the record. Also much criticized are the Federal Circuit’s analysis of the four fair use factors and the manner in which it weighed the factors together.

One very pragmatic reason why some amici would prefer that the Court rule on the copyrightability issue over the fair use issue is that fair use is a fact-intensive, complex, and much debated limitation on copyright. Google may be able to litigate software interface copyright cases for a decade or more, as it has done in this case, but startups and other small and medium-size companies as well as open source developers would prefer the certainty of a no-copyright-in-interfaces rule, as several amicus briefs pointed out. If the Court rules that interfaces are not protectable by copyright law, litigation over reuses of interfaces is much less likely. And if some developer does bring suit, chances are good that the case can be won on a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment

Software developer and industry association amici point to a longstanding consensus on the distinction between interfaces and implementations: interfaces should be free for reuse as long as developers reimplement the interfaces in independently created code. The Federal Circuit’s Oracle decisions have upset settled expectations in the industry, and if the Court upholds them, it would have, as Microsoft asserts, “potentially disastrous consequences for innovation.”

The American Antitrust Institute was among the amici that emphasized the potential for copyright in program interfaces to have anti-competitive effects by entrenching dominant firms and creating barriers for new entrants in the software business. This is particularly of concern in view of network effects which, even without interface copyright monopolies, make it difficult for users and developers to switch to new systems.

The Computer & Communications Industry Association and the Internet Association amicus brief provides a historical review of the evolution of software copyright caselaw. Although a few early decisions construed copyright as providing broad protection to program structures such as interfaces, landmark decisions by the Second and Ninth Circuits recognized that interfaces which constitute the functional requirements for achieving compatibility among programs should not be protectable by copyright law. Other courts followed these rulings. The Oracle decision deviates from this body of caselaw. Some amici regard interfaces as patent, not copyright, subject matter.

The amicus brief Catherine Crump and I co-authored and submitted on behalf of 72 intellectual property scholars positioned the pro-compatibility decisions within the framework of the Supreme Court’s 19th-century rulings in Perris v. Hexamer and Baker v. Selden, which originated the exclusion of methods and systems and their constituent elements from the scope of copyright; dozens of decisions applying these exclusions; their codification in 17 U.S.C. § 102(b); and caselaw applying these exclusions to software interfaces that enable compatibility. Our brief also explains why the District Court’s alternative ruling in favor of Google’s merger defense was consistent with Baker and its progeny and that merger provides a sound basis for finding that program interfaces that enable compatibility, such as the Java SE declarations, are unprotectable by copyright law.

Oracle will obviously have a different take on these issues when it files its brief due February 12. Amici in support of its position must submit their briefs within the following week.

Google will have an opportunity to file a reply brief in mid-March. Oral argument before the Court may be scheduled in late March.

= = = = =

[1] Although the American Intellectual Property Law Association is one of the briefs in support of neither party, the substance of its arguments on both the copyrightability and fair use arguments are quite close to the positions of Google and pro-interoperability amici.  The other “neutral” amici were the Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol Foundations which expressed concern about a possible interpretation of fair use that would undermine artistic freedom to engage in creative reuses by artists.

legal_stuff

via Patent Law Blog (Patently-O) https://patentlyo.com

January 14, 2020 at 06:26PM

A Homemade Belt-Fed Full-Auto Shotgun? Yes, Please!

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In this pair of short-but-sweet videos, we see the delightful product of an inventive mind: A fully-automatic belt-fed 12 gauge shotgun! Oh my.

We have seen homemade guns before. You have probably even seen homemade machineguns before. But have you ever seen a homemade machinegun which fires 12 gauge shotgun shells — and which is belt-fed, thus not requiring a magazine?

Well, now’s your chance.

It’s pretty wonderful to me, but it jams a number of times in the video — which is only 32 seconds long. So I’d say it is in need of refinement… but it sure does look like fun.

Here’s another video of what appears to be the same belt-fed shotgun machinegun (I really enjoy saying that) — if not, it’s very similar — and again, it jams pretty often. But oh, the BOOMBOOMBOOMBOOM when it does run is well worth the watch!

The post A Homemade Belt-Fed Full-Auto Shotgun? Yes, Please! appeared first on AllOutdoor.com.

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January 14, 2020 at 05:02PM

There Isn’t A Single American Car On This 2020 List Of Vehicles People Keep For At Least 15 Years

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Once again our friends at iSeeCars, have crunched some data to find out which cars are likely to be kept for 15 years or more. This year’s list doesn’t look terribly different than the one from last year and is basically dominated by only two brands.

Once again the Toyota Highlander tops the list but gone is the Prius that had the number two spot in 2019. From there it’s a fairly predictable list of other Toyotas, Hondas, and the Subaru Forester. Though it is a bit surprising to not see anything domestic like the Expedition or Suburban as those rigs have popped up on previous lists for higher mileage cars.

On the longest kept SUV list the Mitsubishi Outlander makes a surprise appearance in the number eight spot. Can you imagine keeping a 2005 Outlander for all this time? Look at this thing –

I suspect that perhaps some folks just now getting around to paying off their loan to Mitsubishi motors given how often some Mitsu dealers are a bit notorious for rolling over negative equity into really long loans.

However, I do take a bit of an issue with the iSeeCars list of sports cars, as there are an awful lot of sporty sedans on this, and while many of them may be great performance cars, the sedan body pretty much disqualifies them as a “sports car.”

For more data including the pickup trucks that owners keep the longest see the full study at iSeeCars.com

geeky,Tech,Database

via Lifehacker https://lifehacker.com

January 14, 2020 at 05:22PM

How Ice Cream Cones Are Made

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Link

Making waffle cones at home is pretty darned easy to do. But when you need to churn out millions of these tasty treats every month, you need some serious industrial equipment. In this classic video from How It’s Made, they show us just how factories mass-produce waffle, sugar, and cake cones.

fun

via The Awesomer https://theawesomer.com

January 14, 2020 at 12:30PM

How to Cancel Your Disney+ Subscription

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Have you had your fill of Disney+? Then it might be time to cancel your subscription. In this article, we show you how to cancel Disney+, and explain what that means.

There are many reasons why you may be considering canceling your Disney+ subscription. Whether it’s the lack of new content, the price, or a better option becoming available.

Thankfully, cancelling Disney+ is fairly straightforward. And if you want to completely untangle yourself from Disney, we’ll also show you how to cancel your Disney account too.

How to Cancel Disney+

As mentioned, canceling your Disney+ subscription doesn’t take long at all. You can finish the process in less time than it took to sign up for Disney+. Simply follow the steps below if using your browser:

1. Log into Disney+ on your browser.
2. In the upper right-hand corner, hover your cursor over your profile image.
3. From the menu options, scroll down to and press Account.
4. On the account page, click Billing Details.
5. Afterward, you’ll see a page summarizing your subscription information. Look for the text that says Cancel Subscription and press it.
6. You’ll get another alert asking if you’re sure you want to cancel. Press the red Completion Cancellation button.
7. You’ve now canceled your Disney+ subscription.

If you decide to cancel Disney+ via the app, it will take one extra step. Sadly, you can’t directly cancel your subscription via just the app. It will still follow roughly the same process, but you’ll finish canceling it via your mobile browser.

Just follow these steps to cancel your Disney+ subscription via the app:

1. Open up the Disney+ app.
2. In the bottom right-hand corner, press on your profile image.
3. From the menu options, scroll down to and press Account.
4. On the account page, click Billing Details. The app will now open your mobile browser.
5. You’ll need to sign-in if you haven’t already. Once logged in, click Billing Details.
6. Afterward, you’ll see a page summarizing your subscription information. Look for the text that says Cancel Subscription and press it.
7. You’ll get another alert asking if you’re sure you want to cancel. Press the red Completion Cancellation button.
8. You’ve now canceled your Disney+ subscription.

How Canceling Disney+ Impacts Your Billing Cycle

If you’ve just canceled your Disney+ trial, it’s very straightforward.

You’ll receive no charges for Disney+ as long as you cancel the trial before your billing cycle begins. If you want to prevent this from the start, you can preemptively cancel Disney+ at the beginning of your trial. You’ll still get the service for the trial’s full seven days, and you won’t have to worry about any charges.

For anyone already paying for the service, you’re on a monthly cycle. If you decide to cancel Disney+, you can cancel at any time during the billing cycle. You’ll then be able to carry on watching Disney+ until you lose access on the next billing date.

In short, just make sure to cancel Disney+ before the start of the new month to avoid an additional charge. But before you go, make sure to check out the best classic films on Disney+.

How to Delete Your Disney Account

One of the overlooked aspects of testing out Disney+ is the need to create a Disney account. During your initial Disney+ registration, you don’t get many options. You’re only able to influence what emails you receive and whether your payment information gets stored.

If you want to remove all of your stored information, you should unsubscribe from Disney’s emails and potentially delete your Disney account altogether.

To take this optional extra step, simply follow these steps:

1. Head to Disney’s Communication Choices website.
2. Scroll down to Manage Your Registration Account
3. Click on the Disney, ESPN, ABC, Marvel, and Star Wars accounts link.
4. You’ll be prompted to log in. Use the same username and password to log in that you used for Disney+.
5. Scroll first to the Email Preferences heading and click Manage Your Email Subscriptions. Another browser tab will open.
6. Select either Unsubscribe from All or individually uncheck Disney+ and/or The Walt Disney Family of Companies. You can now close this tab.
7. Return to your previous window and look for the Delete Account heading.
8. Press Delete Account.
9. If you have an active Disney+ subscription, you’ll see a warning notice stating you have one. If you see this, you won’t be able to delete your account directly.
10. You can wait out your Disney+ subscription then return to delete your account. Otherwise, follow-up with Disney Guest Services via their contact option for assistance in deleting your account.
11. If you don’t have an active subscription then just select Yes, delete this account.

If you have any reservations, you can restore your account until 14 days after the deletion request. So if you have any regrets after deleting your Disney account, you have a safety net in place.

What Happens After You Cancel Disney+

Now that you know how to cancel Disney+, you’re equipped with the knowledge you need if and when you decide it’s no longer for you. It’s a quick process, and it’s just as easy to restore your subscription. Perhaps when a new season of The Mandalorian drops.

Even if you do cancel your Disney+ subscription, that doesn’t necessarily mean you have fallen out of love with Disney. So, with that in mind, here are the best Disney gifts for Disney fans, whether that’s you or someone else in your social circle.

Read the full article: How to Cancel Your Disney+ Subscription

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January 14, 2020 at 12:56PM

More Defense Attorneys Arguing AR-15 Lowers Aren’t Firearms…And They’re Winning

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Back in October, we ran a story about a California man who was charged with running an illegal firearms manufacturing operation. He got off scot-free, though, because his attorney noticed that the ATF’s definition of what legally constitutes a firearm does not include AR-15 lowers. At least, not according to the letter of the law.

The judge in the trial ruled that AR-15 lowers don’t fall under the statutory definition of a firearm.

As we wrote at the time . . .

Now it seems word has gotten out in the legal community and the argument is being used more often by defense attorneys in trials. And they’re winning. Here’s a story from the AP on the problem that ATF has on its hands.

By Jake Bleiberg and Stefanie Dazio, AP

A subtle design feature of the AR-15 rifle has raised a technical legal question that is derailing cases against people who are charged with illegally buying and selling the gun’s parts or building the weapon.

At issue is whether a key piece of one of America’s most popular firearms meets the definition of a gun that prosecutors have long relied on.

For decades, the federal government has treated a mechanism called the lower receiver as the essential piece of the semiautomatic rifle, which has been used in some of the nation’s deadliest mass shootings. Prosecutors regularly bring charges based on that specific part.

But some defense attorneys have recently argued that the part alone does not meet the definition in the law. Federal law enforcement officials, who have long been concerned about the discrepancy, are increasingly worried that it could hinder some criminal prosecutions and undermine firearms regulations nationwide.

“Now the cat is out of the bag, so I think you’ll see more of this going on,” said Stephen Halbrook, an attorney who has written books on gun law and history. “Basically, the government has gotten away with this for a long time.”

Cases involving lower receivers represent a small fraction of the thousands of federal gun charges filed each year. But the loophole has allowed some people accused of illegally selling or possessing the parts, including convicted felons, to escape prosecution. The issue also complicates efforts to address so-called ghost guns, which are largely untraceable because they are assembled from parts.

Since 2016, at least five defendants have challenged the government and succeeded in getting some charges dropped, avoiding prison or seeing their cases dismissed entirely. Three judges have rejected the government’s interpretation of the law, despite dire warnings from prosecutors.

Federal regulations define a firearm’s “frame” or “receiver” as the piece considered to be the gun itself. But in an AR-15, the receiver is split into upper and lower parts — and some of the components listed in the definition are contained in the upper half. That has led judges to rule that a lower receiver alone cannot be considered a gun.

The lower receiver sits above the pistol grip, holds the trigger and hammer, and has a slot for the magazine. By itself, it cannot fire a bullet. But by treating the piece as a firearm, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is able to regulate who can obtain it. Because authorities consider the part to be a gun, people prohibited from having firearms have been charged for possessing them.

In 2018, prosecutors said a ruling against the government would “seriously undermine the ATF’s ability to trace and regulate firearms nationwide.” CNN first reported the case and its implications.

Last month, a federal judge in Ohio dealt the latest blow, dismissing charges against two men accused of making false statements to buy lower receivers.

“Any public citizen would be concerned about this loophole that we exploited,” said attorney Thomas Kurt, who represented defendant Richard Rowold. “As a citizen, I hope the ATF corrects this. As Mr. Rowold’s attorney, I’m grateful the judge followed the law in getting to the correct result.”

The gun industry estimates there are more than 17 million AR-15-style rifles in circulation, and the National Rifle Association once dubbed it “America’s rifle.” AR-15-style weapons were used in attacks in Newtown, Connecticut, Las Vegas and Parkland, Florida.

In the case of Rowold, who is prohibited from buying or possessing firearms because of felony convictions, the government claimed that he used another man as a proxy to purchase 50 lower receivers. The 2018 indictment also charged him with having 15 lower receivers. Kurt declined to comment on why his client had the parts.

The case rested on the ATF’s claim that the components were legally firearms. Judge James Carr called that a “plainly erroneous” reading of the law and said the agency has a duty to fix the problem.

“Misapplying the law for a long time provides no immunity from scrutiny,” Carr wrote in his order to dismiss.

Federal prosecutors in Rowold’s case and several others declined to comment. An ATF spokeswoman would not answer questions posed by The Associated Press but said the agency is “keenly assessing” Carr’s decision.

The problem has attracted attention at the highest levels of law enforcement.

In 2016, then-Attorney General Loretta Lynch wrote a letter to House Speaker Paul Ryan after a judge dismissed a case in Northern California involving a man with a felony record who was accused of buying an unmarked AR-15 lower receiver from an undercover agent.

Prosecutors argued that the case against Alejandro Jimenez should proceed even if the part “does not perfectly fit” the legal definition. The judge dismissed the charges.

The decision prompted Lynch to write that if the ATF wants an AR-15 lower receiver to be considered a firearm under the law, then it should pursue “regulatory or administrative action.” But there’s no public record of the ATF taking such a step.

“I can’t imagine why no one has taken the initiative to correct this,” said Dan O’Kelly, a former senior ATF agent whose testimony has guided several defense attorneys.

Since Lynch’s letter, such prosecutions have continued to secure prison sentences.

In April, for instance, an Oklahoma man was charged with illegally possessing a firearm after police who pulled him over found loaded high-capacity magazines and the lower receiver of an AR-15-style rifle in his truck.

Jason Scott Pedro, a 37-year-old with a felony record for domestic violence, was sentenced in November to seven years in prison.

There’s no evidence in court records that Pedro’s lawyer challenged whether the lower receiver was rightly considered a gun. The attorney did not respond to requests for comment but has filed a notice of appeal.

“I think the criminal defense bar has kind of let their clients down for letting this go on for all these years,” Halbrook said.

In one case, an ATF expert testified that the same principle could apply to many other firearms. Prosecutors worry that more rulings against the government could allow people prohibited from having guns to purchase weapons piece by piece with no regulation or background check.

Franklin Zimring, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law, is skeptical of that claim and said the same behavior could often be prosecuted under state laws.

The AR-15 is a popular model for gun enthusiasts to legally build at home. The rifles are sometimes constructed out of partially machined receivers, often called “80% receivers,” which can be bought and sold without background checks and need not have serial numbers because they are unfinished.

If federal officials want to maintain control in this growing do-it-yourself gun market they need to first establish functional regulation of lower receivers, said Kristen Rand, legislative director at the Washington, D.C.-based Violence Policy Center.

“From a public safety standpoint,” she said, ”this is very important and isn’t just an in-the-weeds legal definitional problem.”

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January 13, 2020 at 03:23PM

Spaghetti Western Mandalorian

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The Mandalorian certainly owes alot to western films like A Fistful of Dollars and The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. But what would it have looked like if it actually were a spaghetti western? Kingkida’s stylized trailer does a great job imagining just that, complete with the proper music, typeface, and film grain.

fun

via The Awesomer https://theawesomer.com

January 14, 2020 at 09:30AM

MySQL Workbench 8.0.19 has been released

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Dear MySQL users,

The MySQL developer tools team announces 8.0.19 as our
General Availability
(GA) for MySQL Workbench 8.0.

For the full list of changes in this revision, visit
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/workbench/en/news-8-0.html

For discussion, join the MySQL Workbench Forums:
http://forums.mysql.com/index.php?152

The release is now available in source and binary form
for a number of
platforms from our download pages at:

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/tools/workbench/

Enjoy!

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January 13, 2020 at 01:16PM

Comic for January 12, 2020

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fun

via Dilbert Daily Strip http://dilbert.com

January 12, 2020 at 02:00AM

Tips for Delivering MySQL Database Performance – Part Two

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The management of database performance is an area that businesses when administrators often find themselves contributing more time to than they expected.

Monitoring and reacting to the production database performance issues is one of the most critical tasks within a database administrator job. It is an ongoing process that requires constant care. Application and underlying databases usually evolve with time; grow in size, number of users, workload, schema changes that come with code changes.

Long-running queries are seldom inevitable in a MySQL database. In some circumstances, a long-running query may be a harmful event. If you care about your database, optimizing query performance, and detecting long-running queries must be performed regularly. 

In this blog, we are going to take a more in-depth look at the actual database workload, especially on the running queries side. We will check how to track queries, what kind of information we can find in MySQL metadata, what tools to use to analyze such queries.

Handling The Long-Running Queries

Let’s start with checking Long-running queries. First of all, we have to know the nature of the query, whether it is expected to be a long-running or a short running query. Some analytic and batch operations are supposed to be long-running queries, so we can skip those for now. Also, depending on the table size, modifying table structure with ALTER command can be a long-running operation (especially in MySQL Galera Clusters).

• Table lock – The table is locked by a global lock or explicit table lock when the query is trying to access it.
• Inefficient query – Use non-indexed columns while lookup or joining, thus MySQL takes a longer time to match the condition.
• Deadlock – A query is waiting to access the same rows that are locked by another request.
• Dataset does not fit into RAM – If your working set data fits into that cache, then SELECT queries will usually be relatively fast.
• Suboptimal hardware resources – This could be slow disks, RAID rebuilding, saturated network, etc.

If you see a query takes longer than usual to execute, do investigate it.

Using the MySQL Show Process List

​MYSQL> SHOW PROCESSLIST;

This is usually the first thing you run in the case of performance issues. SHOW PROCESSLIST is an internal mysql command which shows you which threads are running. You can also see this information from the information_schema.PROCESSLIST table or the mysqladmin process list command. If you have the PROCESS privilege, you can see all threads. You can see information like Query Id, execution time, who runs it, the client host, etc. The information with slightly wary depending on the MySQL flavor and distribution (Oracle, MariaDB, Percona)

SHOW PROCESSLIST;

+----+-----------------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------+------------------+----------+

| Id | User            | Host | db | Command | Time | State                  | Info | Progress |

+----+-----------------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------+------------------+----------+

|  2 | event_scheduler | localhost | NULL | Daemon  | 2693 | Waiting on empty queue | NULL   | 0.000 |

|  4 | root            | localhost | NULL | Query   | 0 | Table lock   | SHOW PROCESSLIST | 0.000 |

+----+-----------------+-----------+------+---------+------+------------------------+------------------+----------+

we can immediately see the offensive query right away from the output. In the above example that could be a Table lock.  But how often do we stare at those processes? This is only useful if you are aware of the long-running transaction. Otherwise, you wouldn’t know until something happens – like connections are piling up, or the server is getting slower than usual.

Using MySQL Pt-query-digest

If you would like to see more information about a particular workload use pt-query-digest.  The pt-query-digest is a Linux tool from Percona to analyze MySQL queries. It’s part of the Percona Toolkit which you can find here. It supports the most popular 64 bit Linux distributions like Debian, Ubuntu, and Redhat. 

To install it you must configure Percona repositories and then install the perona-toolkit package.

Install Percona Toolkit using your package manager:

Debian or Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install percona-toolkit

RHEL or CentOS:

sudo yum install percona-toolkit

Pt-query-digest accepts data from the process list, general log, binary log, slow log or tcpdump In addition to that, it’s possible to poll the MySQL process list at a defined interval – a process that can be resource-intensive and far from ideal, but can still be used as an alternative.

The most common source for pt-query-digest is a slow query log. You can control how much data will go there with parameter log_slow_verbosity.  

There are a number of things that may cause a query to take a longer time to execute:

• microtime – queries with microsecond precision.
• query_plan – information about the query’s execution plan.
• innodb  – InnoDB statistics.
• minimal – Equivalent to enabling just microtime.
• standard – Equivalent to enabling microtime,innodb.
• full – Equivalent to all other values OR’ed together without the profiling and profiling_use_getrusage options.
• profiling – Enables profiling of all queries in all connections.
• profiling_use_getrusage – Enables usage of the getrusage function.

source: Percona documentation

For completeness use log_slow_verbosity=full which is a common case.

Slow Query Log

The slow query log can be used to find queries that take a long time to execute and are therefore candidates for optimization. Slow query log captures slow queries (SQL statements that take more than long_query_time seconds to execute), or queries that do not use indexes for lookups (log_queries_not_using_indexes). This feature is not enabled by default and to enable it simply set the following lines and restart the MySQL server:

[mysqld]
slow_query_log=1
log_queries_not_using_indexes=1
long_query_time=0.1

The slow query log can be used to find queries that take a long time to execute and are therefore candidates for optimization. However, examining a long slow query log can be a time-consuming task. There are tools to parse MySQL slow query log files and summarize their contents like mysqldumpslow, pt-query-digest.

Performance Schema

Performance Schema is a great tool available for monitoring MySQL Server internals and execution details at a lower level. It had a bad reputation in an early version (5.6) because enabling it often caused performance issues, however the recent versions do not harm performance. The following tables in Performance Schema can be used to find slow queries:

• events_statements_current
• events_statements_history
• events_statements_history_long
• events_statements_summary_by_digest
• events_statements_summary_by_user_by_event_name
• events_statements_summary_by_host_by_event_name

MySQL 5.7.7 and higher include the sys schema, a set of objects that helps DBAs and developers interpret data collected by the Performance Schema into a more easily understandable form. Sys schema objects can be used for typical tuning and diagnosis use cases.

Network tracking

What if we don’t have access to the query log or direct application logs. In that case, we could use a combination of tcpdump and pt-query digest which could help to capture queries.

$ tcpdump -s 65535 -x -nn -q -tttt -i any port 3306 > mysql.tcp.txt

Once the capture process ends, we can proceed with processing the data:

$ pt-query-digest --limit=100% --type tcpdump mysql.tcp.txt > ptqd_tcp.out

ClusterControl Query Monitor

ClusterControl Query Monitor is a module in a cluster control that provides combined information about database activity. It can gather information from multiple sources like show process list or slow query log and present it in a pre-aggregated way. 

The SQL Monitoring is divided into three sections.

Top Queries

presents the information about queries that take a significant chunk of resources.

Running Queries

it’s a process list of information combined from all database cluster nodes into one view. You can use that to kill queries that affect your database operations.

Query Outliers

present the list of queries with execution time longer than average.

Conclusion

This is all for part two. This blog is not intended to be an exhaustive guide to how to enhance database performance, but it hopefully gives a clearer picture of what things can become essential and some of the basic parameters that can be configured. Do not hesitate to let us know if we’ve missed any important ones in the comments below.

 

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January 10, 2020 at 09:11PM