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Playing Minecraft with friends and family requires either putting up with split screen mode, or using multiple devices. For the best results, these should connect to a Minecraft server.
But paying for a Minecraft server is expensive. Why not build your own? It is now possible to run Minecraft Bedrock Server on a Raspberry Pi.
Over the years, Minecraft has evolved beyond the original Java game. As of 2016, Minecraft Bedrock Edition has been the main version, released on PC, consoles, and mobile.
While this brings new features, improved graphics, and better stability to the game, Minecraft Bedrock Edition is not compatible with the old desktop and mobile Java version. As such, if you had installed Minecraft server on a Raspberry Pi, you would only be able to connect from the corresponding Java version (whether on a PC or another Pi).
As there is now a (Java-based) Minecraft Bedrock-compatible server for Raspberry Pi, you can use it to host games played on any device running Bedrock. This gives you the advantage of being fully in control of the server, from setting invites and assigning access rights to installing mods and backing up the world.
For this project you have a choice of the Raspberry Pi 3 or Raspberry Pi 4. Naturally the Pi 4 with its 2GB, 4GB, and 8GB variants is the best option. However, you should be able to run Minecraft Bedrock Edition server on a Raspberry Pi 3.
To test this project, I used a Raspberry Pi 3 B+. This device has a 1.4GHz 64-bit quad-core processor and 1GB of RAM. Initial setup was over Wi-Fi, using SSH, but a better response and lower latency can be enjoyed with an Ethernet connection to your router.
Anything lower than a Raspberry Pi 3 should be avoided.
To host the server software, you will need an operating system. For optimum performance, opt for a lightweight OS–Raspberry Pi OS Lite is probably the best option here.
See our guide to installing an operating system on the Raspberry Pi before proceeding. It is recommended that you configure the installation to automatically connect to your Wi-Fi network (if you’re using one), and have SSH enabled on the Raspberry Pi. If you’re not using SSH, you’ll need a keyboard and display set up and connected.
You will also need to install:
Follow the steps below to install these and configure your Minecraft Bedrock server.
Before you can install the server software, you will need to configure the Raspberry Pi. These steps assume you have already installed Raspberry Pi OS.
Start by ensuring the operating system is up-to-date:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
Next, open the Raspberry Pi configuration tool, raspi-config:
sudo raspi-config
Use the arrow keys to select System Options > GPU Memory and the GPU to 16. This ensures the majority of system resources are dedicated to the server. Hit Tab to select OK.
If you haven’t already enabled SSH at this point, do so by selecting Interfacing Options > SSH press Tab to select Yes and press Enter to confirm.
Next, hit Tab to select Finish, then Enter to reboot the Raspberry Pi.
With the Raspberry Pi restarted, install Git
sudo apt install git
This software allows you to clone a GitHub repository to your computer, and is required for installing Minecraft Bedrock server.
You can now install Java.
sudo apt install default-jdk
This installs the default (current) version of Java. You can check which version by entering
java -version
(Note that to install a specific Java release, use a specific version name, such as sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk.)
At the time of writing, the default-jdk version was 11.0.16.
You’re not ready to install the server. Begin by entering
git clone https:
Wait while this completes, then switch to the Nukkit directory
cd Nukkit
Here, update the submodule:
git submodule update –init
That will take a while to complete. When done, change permissions on mvnw
chmod +x mvnw
Finally:
./mvnw clean package
This final command is the longest part of the process. It’s a good opportunity to boot Minecraft Bedrock Edition on your PC, mobile, or console in readiness.
When ready, change directory:
cd target
Here, launch the server software:
java -jar nukkit-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
You’ll initially be instructed to enter your preferred server language.
Once that is done, Nukkit starts, the server properties are imported, and the game environment is launched. This begins with the default gamemode set to Survival, but you can switch that later.
Once everything appears to be running, enter
status
This will display various facts such as memory use, uptime, available memory, load, and number of players.
You can also use the help command (or hit ?) to check what instructions can be used to administer the server. These can either be input directly into the Pi with a keyboard, via SSH, or from the Minecraft game’s chat console (remember to precede each command with “/” in the console).
With everything set up, you’re ready to connect to your server. To do this
A moment later, you should be in the Minecraft server world. On the server side, this will be recorded:
While a few steps are required to enable the Bedrock Edition server on Raspberry Pi, the end results are good. Our test device, you will recall, was a Raspberry Pi 3B+, more than adequate for 2-5 players. A Raspberry Pi 4 will probably perform better for a greater number of players.
Using a Raspberry Pi is just one of many ways you can create a Minecraft server for free.
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One of the best feature Laravel have is Laravel Eloquent ORM. Using Eloquent ORM is easy and it can makes our query simpler, cleaner than Query Builder but sometimes it can also be so long, and maybe we need to reuse the query too.
Is it possible to create a reusable query in Laravel Eloquent ORM?
We can use query scope to achieve the above situation. Here i will explain about the Laravel Local Scope.
For example if we want to get only the post that is currently marked as non-draft or published, we can use this query:
$publishedPosts = Post::where('is_draft', false)->get();
But I need to use this query in some places, not just in a place. And I don’t want to write this everytime I need it because it is quite long. Then we need to create a query scope for this.
Create a method inside your model and insert above query to it, name the method with scope prefix like so
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class Post extends Model
{
public function scopePublished($query)
{
return $query->where('is_draft', false);
}
}
Now we have created the scope. However, we should not include the scope prefix when calling the method.
use App\Models\Post;
$publishedPosts = Post::published()->get();
Now it is more readable, shorter, and reusable. Even you can chain calls scopes for example if you have a popular scope you can chain it like so
use App\Models\Post;
$popularPublishedPosts = Post::published()->popular()->get();
Read also:
We can also create a scope that accepts parameters like so
class User extends Model {
public function scopeActive($query, $value)
{
return $query->where('is_active', $value);
}
}
Now we can use the scope dynamically
// Get active users
$activeUsers = User::active(true)->get();
// Get inactive users
$inactiveUsers = User::active(false)->get();
And that’s it, we have tried our own local scope. Now we know how to create and run a local scope.
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A tutorial on how to use the rap2hpoutre/fast-excel package to export data from a collection or model in Excel xlsx, ods or csv format and import the data from a spreadsheet into a Laravel project.
The French version of this tutorial : Laravel : importer et exporter une collection en Excel avec Fast Excel
Fast Excel or fast-excel is a Laravel package that allows to read and write spreadsheet files (CSV, XLSX and ODS). It offers the following features:
A collection (Illuminate\Support\Collection) in a Laravel project, is a wrapper that provides methods to efficiently manipulate arrays of data.
This guide will show you how to install and use Fast Excel or rap2hpoutre/fast-excel to perfore the above operations.
At the time of writing this article, I am using version 9.42.2 of Laravel.
To install the rap2hpoutre/fast-excel package in a Laravel project, run the following composer command:
composer require rap2hpoutre/fast-excel
This command will download fast-excel and its dependencies into the /vendor directory of your Laravel project.
The rap2hpoutre/fast-excel package uses the box/spout library to read and write spreadsheet files.
Once fast-excel is downloaded in your project, you can initialize it directly in a controller and access the methods of the Rap2hpoutre\FastExcel\FastExcel class:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Rap2hpoutre\FastExcel\FastExcel; // The FastExcel class
class FastExcelController extends Controller
{
public function index () {
$data = collect(); // A collection or a model
$fastexcel = new FastExcel($data); // The FastExcel instance
dd($fastexcel);
}
}
FastExcel also provides the global helper fastexcel() which allows direct access to its methods anywhere in your project:
$data = collect(); // A collection or a model
$fastexcel = fastexcel($data); // The FastExcel instance
If importing the Rap2hpoutre\FastExcel\FastExcel class or using the global helper fastexcel() does not suit you, you can also register the FastExcel facade in the $aliases array of your /config/app.php file:
'aliases' => Facade::defaultAliases()->merge([
"FastExcel" => Rap2hpoutre\FastExcel\Facades\FastExcel::class
])->toArray()
Next, initialize Fast Excel by passing data to the method data($data) where $data represents a collection or model:
// A collection or a model
$data = User::first();
// The FastExcel instance
$fastexcel = \FastExcel::data($data);
The export($file) method of FastExcel where $file represents the name of the file followed by the extension “.xlsx”, “.ods” or “.csv” allows you to export the data of a collection or a model to the directory /public :
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\User;
class FastExcelController extends Controller
{
public function index () {
// A collection of "App\Models\User"
$users = User::all();
// Export to file "/public/users.xlsx"
$path = (fastexcel($users))->export("users.xlsx");
// Export to file "/public/users.csv"
// $path = (fastexcel($users))->export("users.csv");
// Export to file "/public/users.ods"
// $path = (fastexcel($users))->export("users.ods");
}
}
In this example, $path contains the absolute path of the users.xlsx file created. Example : C:\laragon\www\laravel-fastexcel\public\users.xlsx
If you want to select the columns to be exported, rearrange the data or apply processing to them, you can use a callback after the file name in the export() method:
// Callback "function($user) { ... }" in export()
$path = (fastexcel($users))->export("users.xlsx", function ($user) {
return [
"Full Name" => ucfirst($user['name']),
"E-mail address" => $user['email']
];
});
Instead of using the export($file) method to save the .xlsx, .csv or .ods files in the /public directory, you can use the download($file) method to start the download:
// Collection of "App\Models\User";
$users = User::select('id', 'name', 'email')->get();
// Download file "users.xlsx"
return fastexcel($users)->download('users.xlsx');
Fast Excel allows you to export multiple collections or models to different spreadsheets in an Excel workbook using the SheetCollection class.
Let’s take a look at an example that exports data from the User, Post and Product models to the file users-posts-products.xlsx :
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
// Importing SheetCollection
use Rap2hpoutre\FastExcel\SheetCollection;
use App\Models\Post;
use App\Models\Product;
use App\Models\User;
class FastExcelController extends Controller
{
public function index () {
// Collection "App\Models\User";
$users = User::select('id', 'name', 'email')->get();
// Collection "App\Models\Post"
$posts = Post::orderBy("created_at")->get();
// Collection "App\Models\Product"
$products = Product::select('id', "name", "description")->get();
// Collection of spreadsheets (SheetCollection)
$sheets = new SheetCollection([
"Users" => $users,
"Posts" => $posts,
"Products" => $products
]);
// Exporting spreadsheets to "/public/users-posts-products.xlsx"
$path = (fastexcel($sheets))->export("users-posts-products.xlsx");
}
}
If you open the file users-posts-products.xlsx in Microsoft Excel, you will find the spreadsheets “Users”, “Posts” and “Products”.
If you have a collection that exports a large amount of data, 1M+ rows for example, you can use a generator function to avoid the memory_limit problem:
use App\Models\Client;
// A generator function
function clients () {
foreach (Client::cursor() as $client) {
yield $client;
}
};
// Export to "clients.xlsx
fastexcel(iterator_to_array(clients()))->export("clients.xlsx");
You can use FastExcel’s import($file) method, where $file represents the path to an .xlsx or .csv file, to import the entries (rows) in $file into a collection (Illuminate\Support\Collection):
// Importing the file "/public/users.xlsx"
$data = fastexcel()->import("users.xlsx");
// $data contains a collection
dd($data);
FastExcel allows you to browse the lines of a file and insert them into the database using a callback after the file name in the import() method:
use App\Models\Client;
// Callback "function ($line) { ... }" in "import"
$data = fastexcel()->import("clients.xlsx", function ($line) {
return Client::create([
'name' => $line['name'],
'email' => $line['email'],
'phone' => $line['phone'],
'address' => $line['address'],
]);
});
$line['name'] specifies the column named “name” in the clients.xlsx file.
FastExcel’s importSheets($file) method imports spreadsheet entries (rows) from $file into a collection:
// Import of the file "/public/users-posts-products.xlsx"
$data = fastexcel()->importSheets("users-posts-products.xlsx");
// $data contains a collection of 3 arrays
dd($data);
To import a specific spreadsheet, you can specify its number or position in the workbook using the sheet($number) method:
// Import of the 2nd spreadsheet from the file "/public/users-posts-products.xlsx"
$data = fastexcel()->sheet(2)->import("users-posts-products.xlsx");
We have just seen how to use the Fast Excel package to export data from a collection or model to an Excel file in .xlsx, .csv or .ods format, and import data from a spreadsheet as a collection.
The Fast Excel documentation also shows how to apply styles (text color, font, background, …) to columns and rows of a spreadsheet.
Let’s summarize the fast-excel methods seen :
fastexcel($data) : the global FastExcel helper allows to initialize it with the $data of a collection or a modelimport($file) : import lines from a $file .xlsx, .csv or .ods file into the collectionexport($file) : export data from a collection or a model to a $file .xlsx, .csv or .ods fileimportSheets($file) : import spreadsheets from $file
sheet($number) : import a specific spreadsheet $number
download($file) : start downloading the file $file
Be well! 😉
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Laravel Grapes is a library for laravel framework, that offer cms drag and drop page builder for frontend which support all Laravel functionality and help user to change all frontend and content just in simple clicks.
Laravel Grapes Comes With A Pro Version Will Be Available On Code Canyon SOON !.
| Feature | Regular Version | Pro Version |
|---|---|---|
| Laravel CSRF | yes | yes |
| Laravel Auth User Condition | yes | yes |
| Laravel Auth Dynamic Guard | yes | yes |
| Multilingual | yes | yes |
| Dynamic Laravel Shortcode widgets | 1 | unlimted |
| Dynamic Routes /{id} | No | yes |
composer require msa/laravel-grapes
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="MSA\LaravelGrapes\LaravelGrapesServiceProvider" --tag="*"
<?php return [ // routes configurations 'builder_prefix' => 'hello', // prefix for builder 'middleware' => null, // middleware for builder 'frontend_prefix' => '', // prefix for frontend /* Define additional translation languages. */ 'languages' => [ 'ar', 'es', ], ];`
The builder by default come with route route('website.builder') which consists of your-domain.com/hello/front-end-builder.
you can change the builder prefix to hi so now the builder load with route prefix hi instead of hello.
Assign any middleware you want to the builder for example auth:admin.
The frontend prefix by default it comes empty that mean that any generated front end page builder it load directly with your slug that created by you so if you need to set prefix for your generated frontend so change it to your prefix that you want.
Now laravel grapes is working.
Navigate to builder route your-domain.com/builder_prefix/front-end-builder.
The Controll Panel Consists Of 3 Panels :-
4) Customize Builder Style Sheet
The options panel consists of 11 buttons :-
The view component button show grid lines for all components droped in the canvas, this help to to select each component individual for example take a look on the screenshot below.
The preview button help you to show page without pannels like screenshot below
The full screen mode button hide all browser utils and show only the builder.
The view code button show you the html and css code of the page like sceenshot below
The create new page button at topbar when you press on it, the popup modal open with new page form, so fill page name and slug and if you need the page become a home page type slug / .
After submit the form will receive toast notification that page has been created successfully, so select the new page throw select page input on the top bar to start modifying the page.
Don’t forget to remove the default route in routes/web.php becaues it will conflict with home page, you don’t need web.php for frontend routes because laravel grapes come with it own route file
<?php use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route; /* |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Web Routes |-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These | routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which | contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great! | */ // Route::get('/', function () { // return view('welcome'); // });
The edit code button it will open a popup code editor modal that hold page code including html and css.
So you can edit the html and css code from the code editor popup, for editing syles you will find page style inside tag <style></style>.
The Component Manager button will open a popup hold all custome components that has been saved to reused on another page to let you edit name of the component or delete it.
The page manager button will open a popup hold all pages and let you to edit page name and slug.
The clear canvas button will remove all components from the canvas.
Laravel Grapes let you to save any custome component for reuse it on other pages all you need to select the component and click on Save Component Button.
The save changes button update the page content and if you check the page slug you will find that page content has been changed.
The options panel consists of 2 select input :-
The select page input let you to select page that you need to modify it.
The select device input let you to modify page html and styles on different screens with the following sizes
The View Panel consists of 4 buttons :-
The Block Manager Comes with Bootstrap Components :-
Layout which holds
Components which holds
Typography which holds
Templates which holds
Saved which holds
Another utility tool you might find useful when working with web elements is the layer manger. It’s a tree overview of the structure nodes and enables you to manage it easier.
Each component come with it’s own settings you can modify it for example, if you select from the canvas link element and got to component settings you will find the following:
The Style manager is composed by sectors, which group inside different types of CSS properties. So you can add, for instance, a Dimension sector for width and height, and another one as Typography for font-size and color and more. So it’s up to you decide how organize sectors.
Classes
General
Flex Options
Dimension Options
Typography Options
Decorations Options
Extra
Go to public/css/laravel-grapes.css and start Customizing Laravel Grapes Builder style sheet As You Wish.
Each text component have translation input trait for your languages that you were defined in config/lg.php, In the example below you will find Ar Local and Es Local .
MIT © Mohamed Allam
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I recently built custom ecommerce sites for a couple of clients, and I decided to make a tutorial from my experience using Laravel to build those sites.
In this tutorial, we will build a fully active Laravel Ecommerce site for a mobile phone dealership called Appleplug.Store. Appleplug sells mobile phones and accessories, and they wanted to upgrade their current ecommerce site powered by WordPress to a custom solution. View their live website at appleplug.store
In this tutorial, we will take on this project and build the ecommerce site.
This is going to be an ongoing series, starting with this introduction. In this part of the series, we will do a basic project setup and install the required tools.
By the end of this series, you will have
Built a working Ecommerce website deployed in production
Learned to do Test Driven Development in Laravel
Understand Laravel beyond basic crud
Learned to use Laravel’s Background jobs
Learned to handle authorization
And some other cool stuff
In order to follow along this tutorial, you will need:
A few things to note, we will be using
Bootstrap CSS for our styling, you’re, however, welcome to use any CSS framework of your choice
The Hotwired Stack (Turbo, Stimulus)
I’m assuming you already have composer installed, let’s start by creating a project in Laravel
composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist ecommerce
or using the laravel binary
laravel new ecommerce
This will create a new project and install all the dependencies in the ecommerce directory.
Next, let us set up our database
sudo mysql
In the MySQL console, create a user and a database and grant rights on the database to our newly created user.
create database ecommerce;
create user laravel@localhost identified by 'secure password';
grant all on ecommerce.* to laravel@localhost;
After granting rights, open the project folder in your favorite text editor, I’m using JetBrains PhpStorm, If you’re interested in using PhpStorm also checkout Jeffry Way’s video on Laracasts about how to set it up.
In your text editor, open the .env file and edit DB_XX to match the user and database we just created.
Next, open the terminal in the working directory and run our first migrations with
php artisan migrate
Next, let’s install other tools we will be using throughout the development of this application.
First, this package allows us to use Turbo within our application.
composer require tonysm/turbo-laravel
After installing, execute the turbo:install Artisan command, which will add a couple JS dependencies to your package.json file.
Next, let’s install another package to let use Stimulus in Laravel
composer require tonysm/stimulus-laravel
After installing, execute the stimulus:install Artisan command to stimulus as dependency and basic scaffolding.
Last, let’s install some blade helper functions to use with stimulus
composer require flixtechs-labs/turbo-laravel-helpers
Now that our basic setup is done, let’s install the dependencies by running yarn or npm install and then start the dev server with
php artisan serve
In the next blog post, we will begin to actually build our ecommerce site. We will set up user authentication authorization.
Subscribe to the newsletter and get notified when I post the next tutorial
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A new study with mice finds that proteins made by stem cells that regenerate the cornea may be new targets for treating and preventing injuries.
People with a condition known as dry eye disease are more likely than those with healthy eyes to suffer injuries to their corneas.
Dry eye disease occurs when the eye can’t provide adequate lubrication with natural tears. People with the common disorder use various types of drops to replace missing natural tears and keep the eyes lubricated, but when eyes are dry, the cornea is more susceptible to injury.
“We have drugs, but they only work well in about 10% to 15% of patients,” says senior investigator Rajendra S. Apte, professor in the department of ophthalmology and visual sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.
“In this study involving genes that are key to eye health, we identified potential targets for treatment that appear different in dry eyes than in healthy eyes.
“Tens of millions of people around the world—with an estimated 15 million in the United States alone—endure eye pain and blurred vision as a result of complications and injury associated with dry eye disease, and by targeting these proteins, we may be able to more successfully treat or even prevent those injuries.”
For the study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers analyzed genes expressed by the cornea in several mouse models—not only of dry eye disease, but also of diabetes and other conditions. They found that in mice with dry eye disease, the cornea activated expression of the gene SPARC. They also found that higher levels of SPARC protein were associated with better healing.
“We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to identify genes important to maintaining the health of the cornea, and we believe that a few of them, particularly SPARC, may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating dry eye disease and corneal injury,” says first author Joseph B. Lin, an MD/PhD student in Apte’s lab.
“These stem cells are important and resilient and a key reason corneal transplantation works so well,” Apte explains. “If the proteins we’ve identified don’t pan out as therapies to activate these cells in people with dry eye syndrome, we may even be able to transplant engineered limbal stem cells to prevent corneal injury in patients with dry eyes.”
The National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health supported the work. Additional funding came from the Jeffrey T. Fort Innovation Fund, a Centene Corp. contract for the Washington University-Centene ARCH Personalized Medicine Initiative, and Research to Prevent Blindness.
Source: Washington University in St. Louis
The post Dry eye changes how injured cornea heals itself appeared first on Futurity.
Futurity
https://www.futurity.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/dry-eye-cornea-healing-1600.jpg
A new study with mice finds that proteins made by stem cells that regenerate the cornea may be new targets for treating and preventing injuries.
People with a condition known as dry eye disease are more likely than those with healthy eyes to suffer injuries to their corneas.
Dry eye disease occurs when the eye can’t provide adequate lubrication with natural tears. People with the common disorder use various types of drops to replace missing natural tears and keep the eyes lubricated, but when eyes are dry, the cornea is more susceptible to injury.
“We have drugs, but they only work well in about 10% to 15% of patients,” says senior investigator Rajendra S. Apte, professor in the department of ophthalmology and visual sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.
“In this study involving genes that are key to eye health, we identified potential targets for treatment that appear different in dry eyes than in healthy eyes.
“Tens of millions of people around the world—with an estimated 15 million in the United States alone—endure eye pain and blurred vision as a result of complications and injury associated with dry eye disease, and by targeting these proteins, we may be able to more successfully treat or even prevent those injuries.”
For the study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers analyzed genes expressed by the cornea in several mouse models—not only of dry eye disease, but also of diabetes and other conditions. They found that in mice with dry eye disease, the cornea activated expression of the gene SPARC. They also found that higher levels of SPARC protein were associated with better healing.
“We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to identify genes important to maintaining the health of the cornea, and we believe that a few of them, particularly SPARC, may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating dry eye disease and corneal injury,” says first author Joseph B. Lin, an MD/PhD student in Apte’s lab.
“These stem cells are important and resilient and a key reason corneal transplantation works so well,” Apte explains. “If the proteins we’ve identified don’t pan out as therapies to activate these cells in people with dry eye syndrome, we may even be able to transplant engineered limbal stem cells to prevent corneal injury in patients with dry eyes.”
The National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health supported the work. Additional funding came from the Jeffrey T. Fort Innovation Fund, a Centene Corp. contract for the Washington University-Centene ARCH Personalized Medicine Initiative, and Research to Prevent Blindness.
Source: Washington University in St. Louis
The post Dry eye changes how injured cornea heals itself appeared first on Futurity.
Futurity
https://www.futurity.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/dry-eye-cornea-healing-1600.jpg
A new study with mice finds that proteins made by stem cells that regenerate the cornea may be new targets for treating and preventing injuries.
People with a condition known as dry eye disease are more likely than those with healthy eyes to suffer injuries to their corneas.
Dry eye disease occurs when the eye can’t provide adequate lubrication with natural tears. People with the common disorder use various types of drops to replace missing natural tears and keep the eyes lubricated, but when eyes are dry, the cornea is more susceptible to injury.
“We have drugs, but they only work well in about 10% to 15% of patients,” says senior investigator Rajendra S. Apte, professor in the department of ophthalmology and visual sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.
“In this study involving genes that are key to eye health, we identified potential targets for treatment that appear different in dry eyes than in healthy eyes.
“Tens of millions of people around the world—with an estimated 15 million in the United States alone—endure eye pain and blurred vision as a result of complications and injury associated with dry eye disease, and by targeting these proteins, we may be able to more successfully treat or even prevent those injuries.”
For the study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers analyzed genes expressed by the cornea in several mouse models—not only of dry eye disease, but also of diabetes and other conditions. They found that in mice with dry eye disease, the cornea activated expression of the gene SPARC. They also found that higher levels of SPARC protein were associated with better healing.
“We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to identify genes important to maintaining the health of the cornea, and we believe that a few of them, particularly SPARC, may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating dry eye disease and corneal injury,” says first author Joseph B. Lin, an MD/PhD student in Apte’s lab.
“These stem cells are important and resilient and a key reason corneal transplantation works so well,” Apte explains. “If the proteins we’ve identified don’t pan out as therapies to activate these cells in people with dry eye syndrome, we may even be able to transplant engineered limbal stem cells to prevent corneal injury in patients with dry eyes.”
The National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health supported the work. Additional funding came from the Jeffrey T. Fort Innovation Fund, a Centene Corp. contract for the Washington University-Centene ARCH Personalized Medicine Initiative, and Research to Prevent Blindness.
Source: Washington University in St. Louis
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A new study with mice finds that proteins made by stem cells that regenerate the cornea may be new targets for treating and preventing injuries.
People with a condition known as dry eye disease are more likely than those with healthy eyes to suffer injuries to their corneas.
Dry eye disease occurs when the eye can’t provide adequate lubrication with natural tears. People with the common disorder use various types of drops to replace missing natural tears and keep the eyes lubricated, but when eyes are dry, the cornea is more susceptible to injury.
“We have drugs, but they only work well in about 10% to 15% of patients,” says senior investigator Rajendra S. Apte, professor in the department of ophthalmology and visual sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.
“In this study involving genes that are key to eye health, we identified potential targets for treatment that appear different in dry eyes than in healthy eyes.
“Tens of millions of people around the world—with an estimated 15 million in the United States alone—endure eye pain and blurred vision as a result of complications and injury associated with dry eye disease, and by targeting these proteins, we may be able to more successfully treat or even prevent those injuries.”
For the study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers analyzed genes expressed by the cornea in several mouse models—not only of dry eye disease, but also of diabetes and other conditions. They found that in mice with dry eye disease, the cornea activated expression of the gene SPARC. They also found that higher levels of SPARC protein were associated with better healing.
“We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to identify genes important to maintaining the health of the cornea, and we believe that a few of them, particularly SPARC, may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating dry eye disease and corneal injury,” says first author Joseph B. Lin, an MD/PhD student in Apte’s lab.
“These stem cells are important and resilient and a key reason corneal transplantation works so well,” Apte explains. “If the proteins we’ve identified don’t pan out as therapies to activate these cells in people with dry eye syndrome, we may even be able to transplant engineered limbal stem cells to prevent corneal injury in patients with dry eyes.”
The National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health supported the work. Additional funding came from the Jeffrey T. Fort Innovation Fund, a Centene Corp. contract for the Washington University-Centene ARCH Personalized Medicine Initiative, and Research to Prevent Blindness.
Source: Washington University in St. Louis
The post Dry eye changes how injured cornea heals itself appeared first on Futurity.
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