It’s very difficult explaining to students new to relational databases how SQL works. There are many parts that seem intuitive and then there are others that confuse and confound.
For beginners, the idea that a SQL statement is simply a text string that you must dispatch to a SQL statement processing engine is new. That’s because they use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that hides, or abstracts the complexity, of how SQL executes.
I start my core SQL class by demonstrating how to run a text literal query without a FROM clause in MySQL Workbench, like this:
SELECT 'Hello World!' AS "Output";
After writing the query, I highlight everything except the semicolon and click the lightening bolt that dispatches the static string to the SQL statement engine. They see this result:
Then, I launch a mysql Monitor session and write the query with a semicolon to dispatch the SQL static string to the SQL statement engine:
SELECT 'Hello World!' AS "Output";
and, with a \g to dispatch the SQL static string to the SQL statement engine:
SELECT 'Hello World!' AS "Output"\g
Both queries return the same output, as shown below:
+--------------+
| output |
+--------------+
| Hello World! |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Rewriting the query with a \G to dispatch the SQL static string to the SQL statement engine:
SELECT 'Hello World!' AS "Output"\G
Both queries return the following output:
*************************** 1. row ***************************
output: Hello World!
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
The next step requires removing the MySQL Workbench and MySQL Monitor from the demonstration. Without either of those tools, a Python program can demonstrate how to run a static SQL string.
The query is now a string literal into a query.sql file. The Python program reads the query.sql file, dispatches the embedded query, and displays the query results.
This is the query.sql file is:
SELECT 'Hello World!' AS "output";
This is the query.py file is:
#!/usr/bin/python
# Import libraries.
import sys
import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import errorcode
# ============================================================
# Use a try-catch block to read and parse a query from a
# a file found in the same local directory as the Python
# program.
# ============================================================
try:
file = open('query.sql','r')
query = file.read().replace('\n',' ').replace(';','')
file.close()
except IOError:
print("Could not read file:", fileName)
# ============================================================
# Attempt connection in a try-catch block.
# ============================================================
# --------------------------------------------------------
# Open connection, bind variable in query and format
# query output before closing the cursor.
# --------------------------------------------------------
try:
# Open connection.
cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user='student', password='student',
host='127.0.0.1',
database='studentdb')
# Create cursor.
cursor = cnx.cursor()
# Execute cursor, and coerce string to tuple.
cursor.execute(query)
# Display the rows returned by the query.
for row in cursor:
print(row[0])
# Close cursor.
cursor.close()
# --------------------------------------------------------
# Handle MySQL exception
# --------------------------------------------------------
except mysql.connector.Error as e:
if e.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR:
print("Something is wrong with your user name or password")
elif e.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:
print("Database does not exist")
else:
print("Error code:", e.errno) # error number
print("SQLSTATE value:", e.sqlstate) # SQLSTATE value
print("Error message:", e.msg) # error message
# --------------------------------------------------------
# Close connection after try-catch completes.
# --------------------------------------------------------
# Close the connection when the try block completes.
else:
cnx.close()
In Linux or Unix from the relative directory where both the query.sql and query.py files are located:
./query.py
It returns:
Hello World!
These examples demonstrate that a query without variable substitution is only a static string. In all the cases, the static SQL strings are dispatched to the SQL engine by a terminator like a semicolon or through an ODBC library call that executes the static SQL string.
Imagine waking up in the middle of the night to the sound of a break-in—your heart racing, adrenaline pumping and precious seconds ticking away.
In such a high-stress situation, you need a home defense tool that offers more than just peace of mind; you need one that can provide a quick and decisive response. The AR-15 delivers that edge, combining speed, precision and stopping power when you need it most.
So, let’s discuss why the AR-15 could be your ultimate home defense solution and how to set it up effectively.
The AR-15’s Key Features for Home Defense
The AR-15 has earned a reputation as one of the most versatile and effective firearms available today. Here are the key features that make it a top choice for home defense:
Customizability and Modularity
One of the standout characteristics of the AR-15 is its unparalleled customizability. Whether you’re looking to add a flashlight, a red dot sight, or a foregrip, the AR-15’s modular design allows for easy attachment of accessories that enhance your defensive capabilities. This flexibility means you can tailor the rifle to fit your needs and preferences, creating a perfectly suited setup for home defense.
Accuracy and Low Recoil
The AR-15’s design is optimized for accuracy, even under high-stress situations. Its low recoil, especially when chambered in 5.56 NATO or .223 Remington, makes it easy to shoot accurately. This is particularly important in home defense scenarios, where precise shot placement can be critical to neutralizing a threat without endangering others in the home.
Capacity and Reload Speed
With standard magazines holding 30 rounds, the AR-15 provides ample capacity for defensive situations. This reduces the need for frequent reloading, which can be a critical advantage when facing multiple intruders or when you must focus on the threat. Additionally, reloading an AR-15 is relatively quick and easy, with minimal training to master the process.
Ease of Handling
The AR-15’s ergonomic design makes it easy to handle, even in high-pressure situations. Its lightweight frame and adjustable stock make it adaptable to shooters of all sizes and strengths, ensuring that any responsible adult in your household can effectively use it in a defensive scenario.
Intimidation Factor
While not a primary reason to choose a firearm, the intimidation factor of an AR-15 cannot be overlooked. The mere presence of a rifle can often be enough to deter potential intruders, possibly preventing the need to fire a single shot. This psychological deterrent adds another layer of defense to your home security strategy.
Comparing the AR-15 to Other Home Defense Firearms
Several firearm options are available for home defense, each with its own pros and cons. Let’s compare the AR-15 with the most commonly recommended alternatives: shotguns and handguns.
Shotguns
Shotguns are often hailed as the quintessential home defense firearm, but they have advantages and disadvantages compared to the AR-15.
(Photo: Scott Witner – Mossberg Maverick 88 pump shotgun)
Pros
Stopping Power: A 12-gauge shotgun can deliver devastating stopping power at close range, making it highly effective against intruders.
Spread Pattern: The spread pattern of buckshot can increase hit probability, especially in high-stress situations.
Cons
Recoil: Shotguns, especially 12-gauge models, have significant recoil, which can be difficult to manage for smaller or less experienced shooters.
Capacity and Reloading: Most shotguns have a limited capacity, typically between 4 and 8 rounds, and reloading them is considerably slower and more cumbersome than reloading the AR-15.
Size and Maneuverability: Most shotguns are longer than the standard AR-15, making them harder to maneuver in tight spaces like hallways or small rooms.
Handguns
Handguns are a popular choice for home defense due to their compact size and ease of use, but they also have limitations.
(Photo: Scott Witner – Glock 17)
Pros
Maneuverability:Handguns allow you to move faster if you need to move to secure family members.
Ease of Storage and Accessibility:Handguns are compact and easy to stage and deploy around your home for quick access.
Cons
Accuracy: Handguns require more skill to shoot accurately, especially under duress. They require more training and practice to control the recoil at speed and under stress.
Stopping Power and Capacity: Handguns can be effective, but they generally offer lower stopping power and capacity than the AR-15. This can be a disadvantage if multiple shots are required to stop a threat.
AR-15: The Middle Ground
The AR-15 serves as a balanced option between the power and spread of a shotgun and the maneuverability and capacity of a handgun.
(Photo: Scott Witner – Maxim Defense MD15L home defense AR-15)
Pros
Higher Capacity: With standard 30-round magazines, the AR-15 provides more than enough ammunition for most home defense scenarios.
Controlled Recoil: The low recoil allows for quick follow-up shots, which is crucial in a defensive situation.
Accuracy and Adaptability: The rifle’s inherent accuracy and the ability to attach optics and other accessories enhance its defensive capabilities.
Cons
Overpenetration: One concern with using an AR-15 for home defense is the potential for overpenetration, where a bullet could pass through walls and pose a risk to others. This can be mitigated with proper ammunition selection, such as frangible or hollow-point rounds designed for reduced penetration.
While shotguns and handguns have their merits, the AR-15 is a versatile and effective choice that balances both strengths. Its customizability, capacity, and ease of use make it a formidable tool for protecting your home.
Addressing Common Concerns and Misconceptions
Despite its popularity, the AR-15 as a home defense firearm often draws skepticism and concern. In this section, we’ll tackle some of the most common misconceptions and clarify why the AR-15 can be an effective choice for home defense.
Myth: “The AR-15 is Too Powerful for Home Defense”
Many people believe that the AR-15, due to its rifle caliber, is too powerful for home defense scenarios, posing a risk of overpenetration that could harm family members or neighbors. While it’s true that certain types of ammunition can penetrate multiple walls, this concern can be mitigated by selecting the right ammunition. Frangible or hollow-point rounds are designed to minimize overpenetration, breaking apart upon impact with hard surfaces while providing effective stopping power against threats.
Myth: “The AR-15 is Hard to Control”
Some assume that the AR-15 is difficult to handle, especially for smaller or less experienced shooters. However, the opposite is true. The AR-15’s low recoil, ergonomic design, and lightweight frame make it easier to control and shoot accurately than many handguns and shotguns. The adjustable stock also allows the rifle to be fitted to a wide range of shooters, ensuring comfort and control regardless of stature or strength.
Myth: “It’s a Military-Grade Weapon Unsuitable for Civilian Use”
This misconception stems from the AR-15’s resemblance to the military’s M16 and M4 rifles. However, the civilian AR-15 is semi-automatic, meaning it fires one round per trigger pull, unlike the fully automatic capabilities of military rifles. Its features make it no different from many other semi-automatic rifles used for hunting, sport shooting, and, yes, home defense.
Myth: “It’s Overkill for Home Defense”
Critics often argue that the AR-15’s firepower is excessive for home defense. Home invasions can be unpredictable, and it’s not uncommon for intruders to be armed. The AR-15’s high capacity and ability to deliver precise shots rapidly can be a critical advantage in such situations. The goal is to neutralize threats efficiently, and the AR-15 provides the capability to do so.
Optimizing Your AR-15 for Home Defense
Optimizing your AR-15 for home defense involves equipping it with key accessories. A red dot sight enhances target acquisition, while backup iron sights ensure reliability if the optic fails. A weapon-mounted light is essential for identifying threats in low-light conditions, and an adjustable two-point sling offers stability and hands-free operation. Choosing the proper ammunition, like frangible or hollow-point rounds, minimizes the risk of overpenetration. Reliable 30-round magazines are recommended, with additional spares accessible for quick reloading in critical situations.
Now, let’s get into my go-to AR-15 setup for home defense.
My Go-To AR-15 Setup For Home Defense
My go-to defensive AR-15 is the Maxim Defense MD-15L. It’s paired with the EOTech 512 holographic sight. This rifle offers a solid foundation with its lightweight build, quality materials and optimal barrel length for maneuverability. The EOTech 512 provides quick target acquisition and a parallax-free reticle, essential for high-stress situations. I’ve added a Streamlight PolyTac weapon light for low-light conditions and a Frank Proctor Sling for retention. Combined with 77-grain BTHP ammunition, this setup is practical and effective for home defense.
(Photo: Scott Witner – AR15 Setup)
Optic: EOTech 512
The EOTech 512 holographic sight offers rapid target acquisition with its wide field of view and parallax-free reticle. Its robust design is ideal for home defense, allowing for accurate shots in high-stress situations. Powered by standard AA batteries, it ensures reliability and ease of use.
Sling: Frank Proctor Sling
This lightweight, minimalist sling provides versatility and quick adjustment. It allows for easy transitions between shooting positions and enhances weapon retention, making it suitable for dynamic home defense scenarios.
Weapon Light: Streamlight PolyTac
The Streamlight PolyTac offers a powerful beam with a durable polymer body. It provides essential illumination for target identification and threat assessment in low-light conditions, a critical feature for any home defense setup.
Ammunition: 77-Grain BTHP
Using 77-grain boat-tail hollow-point (BTHP) ammunition balances stopping power and reduces overpenetration. This bullet design maximizes terminal ballistics, making it effective for home defense by ensuring energy transfer upon impact.
(Photo: HOP Munitions – 77-grain HPBT home defense ammo)
This combination creates a balanced and reliable setup that prioritizes maneuverability, accuracy, and adaptability in various home defense scenarios.
Conclusion
A home invasion is a fast and violent event that can unfold in seconds, leaving little time to react. In these critical moments, the AR-15 gives you the edge needed to respond fast and with extreme violence.
Its accuracy, capacity, and adaptability allow you to take control of the situation and protect your loved ones. Don’t wait until it’s too late—take the time NOW to build your ideal home defense setup. Equip yourself, train diligently, and be prepared to respond with the skill and confidence necessary to survive another day.
HBO unveiled a new trailer for its Dune prequel TV series, Dune: Prophecy, at New York Comic Con.
Unlike director Denis Villeneuve’s Dune films, which see the rise of Timothée Chalamet’s Paul Atreides, Dune: Prophecy sets its sights farther into the past of Frank Herbert’s popular sci-fi novels. More specifically, Dune Prophecy is set 10,000 years before Dune. As such, the series will give fans a look at the Bene Gesserit‘s mysterious origins. Likewise, the series will emphasize just how valid their claim is to have their plans measured in centuries.
The press release for Dune: Prophecy indicates that the show will center on two Harkonnen sisters as they confront threats to humanity’s future and lay the foundations for the Bene Gesserit. The series stars Emily Watson as Valya Harkonnen, Olivia Williams as Tula Harkonnen, Jodhi May as Empress Natalya, Sarah-Sofie Boussnina as Princess Ynez, Shalom Brune-Franklin as Mikaela, Faoileann Cunningham as Sister Jen, Aoife Hinds as Sister Emeline, Chloe Lea as Lila, Travis Fimmel as Desmond Hart, Mark Strong as Emperor Javicco Corrino, Jade Anouka as Sister Theodosia, and Chris Mason as Kieran Atreides. If any of those names mean anything to you, be excited.
Dune: Prophecy‘s show credits feel akin to the numerous key figures in the Bene Gesserit with how many folks pull double and triple duty on the show. Key among them is Alison Schapker, who serves as Dune: Prophecy‘s showrunner, head writer, and executive producer alongside Alison Schapker. She’s accompanied by co-developer and executive producer Diane Ademu-John and Anna Foerster (its third executive producer).
But wait, there’s more. Other executive producers include Brian Herbert, Byron Merritt, Kim Herbert (for Frank Herbert’s estate), Jordan Goldberg, Mark Tobey, John Cameron, Matthew King, Scott Z. Burns, and Jon Spaihts. Suffice it to say, many hands touched this show, so hopefully, its result won’t be a mess of too many cooks in the kitchen.
Dune: Prophecy will officially release on November 17 on HBO and Max.
(PG-13) “I leave one of you alive, so you can warn your sons about those fairy tales.” Director and co-writer Godefroy Ryckewaert shares this labor of love that he created with fellow volunteers. Logan the Wolf reimagines Wolverine and the rise of mutants in the Viking Age. The fight scenes rival the best that Hollywood has to offer, sheesh.
https://theawesomer.com/photos/2024/10/best_wonders_of_the_world_wide_web_t.jpgTo help raise funds to support the recently attacked non-profit Internet Archive, Wonders of the World Wide Web creator Squirrel Monkey assembled this great compilation of their hilarious retro-tech parody videos. Along the way, you’ll learn how sites like Amazon, Twitch, Netflix, and Reddit worked in the days of dial-up modems.The Awesomer
WORLD — Today marks the historic release day of January 6, The Most Deadliest Day, an already critically acclaimed documentary chronicling the deadliest and darkest and scariest event in world history: the January 6 insurrection.
Critics are lauding the film as "not the worst thing I’ve seen," and "eh, kinda funny." Liberals, on the other hand, have marked the momentous day by screaming and crying and wetting their pants in rage and confusion.
"How did we as a country get to the point where The Babylon Bee can just make a film about January 6 without facing serious consequences?" said a tearful Obama to reporters. "This film is an attack on our sacred democracy and the communist global order I have dedicated my whole life to building. I am literally shaking right now."
Eyewitnesses confirmed Obama then calmed himself down by launching a drone attack in Yemen.
Attorney General Merrick Garland has also responded, instructing FBI field offices to keep a close eye on anyone who dares to watch the film. "Watching this film is an attack on our sacred democracy," he said between sobs. "I am literally throwing up just thinking about it."
Sources confirmed the new film is available at BabylonBee.com/january6 and is only available to subscribers.
BIG NEWS: We made a movie, and you can watch the trailer NOW:
