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December 20, 2020 at 04:29AM

100 Must-See Movies: The Essential Men’s Movie Library

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With our archives now 3,500+ articles deep, we’ve decided to republish a classic piece each Friday to help our newer readers discover some of the best, evergreen gems from the past. This article was originally published in July 2009.

For whatever reason (most likely the fact that viewing is easier than reading), films don’t seem to garner the same kind of cultural respect as books do. Which is a shame because excellent movies can be just as entertaining, mind-expanding, and life-changing as good books. Scenes, characters, and quotes from the greatest movies stay with us long after we view them. 

And for better and for worse, film has had a huge impact on masculinity in the 20^th century. Movies have produced archetypes of manliness that many men judge themselves against today. To view how male characters of cinema have been portrayed over the decades, is to see clearly the ways in which our perception of masculinity has changed and continues to change. Thus it seemed only proper that the Art of Manliness take a stab at creating a list of essential movies every man should see.

We didn’t want to make a bro-y list, in which the movies were selected based on their amount of titillating sex and explosive violence. Nor did we want to create a high-brow list consisting solely of independent avant-garde movies that, while culturally or cinematically significant, aren’t very entertaining. We wanted to create a well-rounded list of films that have something to say about manliness. Some of the movies speak poignantly about what it means to be a man. Others give examples of true manliness in action. Some are lessons in how not to be a man. And others are simply entertaining movies that are just plain virile. But the common thread that runs through all of them is that they’re great movies that have stood the test of time.

Without further ado, we present AoM’s 100 must-see movies for men.

The Great Escape

This group of Allied POWS fought the enemy the best way they could – by bustin’ out of prison. Based on a true story, the film has been hailed as one the greatest escape movies of all time. Despite its length (172 minutes), the movie maintains interest through the engaging relationships of the prisoners. Each individual contributes their skills and personality to the effort, even the self-interested American (played by Steve McQueen). I guess his skill would be making killer motorcycle chase scenes.

Best line: “I’m going . . . out.”

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

Based loosely on the real lives of Western outlaws Robert Leroy Parker (aka Butch Cassidy) and Harry Longabaugh (aka the Sundance Kid), Butch Cassidy and The Sundance Kid is a classic movie about two buddies trying to make it in a changing world. What’s funny about Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is that you forget that these guys were hardened criminals who robbed banks and trains for a living. The easy going charm Robert Redford and Paul Newman bring to their roles makes you like the characters despite their choice of profession. Their clever hijinks and humor make the movie an enjoyable ride.

Best line: “Boy, I got vision, and the rest of the world wears bifocals.”

Dirty Harry

Cops that won’t let anything — even the law — stand in their way of catching the bad guy may have become a Hollywood cliché, but when Dirty Harry first pulled out his .44 magnum it was a brand new story. Harry Callahan stops at nothing as he hunts down the Scorpio, a serial killer that picks people off with a sniper rifle. The plot is okay, but it’s Clint Eastwood that drives the entire picture. His rebel good- guy cop set a high mark for others to try and follow.

Best line: “You’ve got to ask yourself one question: ‘Do I feel lucky?’ Well, do ya, punk?”

The Endless Summer

Working 60 hours a week sucks. I mean, it really sucks. The idea of travelling around the world to exotic spots with the simple objective of surfing every chance you get is about the most enticing thing on the planet. In step Mike Hynson and Robert August. Famed documentary director Bruce Brown follows the pair around the world as they chase the summer and whatever waves they can ride. If you can’t surf, or you can’t take the time off work to surf — live vicariously through this movie.

Bull Durham

This movie is great for many reasons — of which, I cite two: 1) Kevin Costner can actually play baseball, instead of looking like a moron as do many other actors trying to swing a bat. 2) Tim Robbins character wears lingerie when he pitches — which is completely classic. Besides these, there are many other elements that make the movie relevant: the mentor/mentee, the old vs. the young, fighting for the woman, baseball. But ultimately it’s about a bunch of guys trying to make their mark on life — which we can all certainly relate to.

Best line: “Charlie, here comes the deuce. And when you speak of me, speak well.”

There Will Be Blood

There Will Be Blood is a character study in what happens to a man who becomes ruthlessly consumed with besting his fellow man, with winning at all costs. Daniel Day-Lewis, in what may be his best performance, at first garners the audience’s sympathy and admiration, only to invite their repugnance as he loses his humanity in the pursuit of ambition. The movie’s ending is grim and grisly, and the shock blast the film creates around the themes of greed, religion, and family will embed thought-provoking, long-lasting shrapnel in your brain.

Best line: “I’ve got a competition in me.”

The Shootist

Nobody wants to die alone. Especially gunslingers. In a haunting portrayal that foreshadowed his own fate, John Wayne plays J.B. Brooks, an aging gunfighter dying of cancer who resigns himself to live out his days in private. But skeletons from his past prevent him from fading away, so he decides to go down the only way he knows — with his six gun blazing.

Best line: “I won’t be wronged. I won’t be insulted. I won’t be laid a-hand on. I don’t do these things to other people, and I require the same from them.”

Hoosiers

At its core, Hoosiers is about redemption — basketball is just the vehicle. The story revolves around a basketball coach that has fallen from grace and finds himself at a small rural town in Indiana. He ruffles feathers and fights to earn the respect of his players, the town, and a doubtful teacher. The team chases glory, while others in the town remember what it is like to win. Not only is it one of the most inspiring movies of all time, it has one of the most hardcore stoics in all of sport movie history. Jimmy = Clutch.

Best line: “You know, most people would kill . . . to be treated like a god, just for a few moments.”

Last of the Mohicans

This movie set the standard for war epics of the modern era. Few are its equal. A Mohican father and his son, along with their adopted son, attempt to maintain their neutrality amidst the French-Indian War in colonial America. The men are pulled into the fray after rescuing two daughters of a British Officer during a skirmish and escorting them to their father’s fort. As the impending battle builds around them, the men remain devoted to the daughters, going to great lengths to preserve them. From the opening sequence of Uncas and Hawkeye sprinting through the dense forest, to the final scene on the promontory, the movie is gripping and powerful. 

Best line: “Someday I think you and I are going to have a serious disagreement.”

The Bicycle Thief

An Italian Neo-Realist classic, The Bicycle Thief tells the bleak story of a man in impoverished post-war Italy whose bicycle, which he needs to work, is stolen. Father and son hunt all over Rome to find the bike, with no one to help them and ultimately no success. And thus the father is faced with a classic philosophical problem: is it okay to steal to feed your family? Realistic and honest, this movie provides one of the best glimpses into the nature of the father/son relationship.

Best line: “Why should I kill myself worrying when I’ll end up just as dead?”

Field of Dreams

To what lengths would a person go for a chance at reconciliation? If it is for your (dead) father, most of us would do anything. Field of Dreams is Ray Kinsellas’s journey of reparation with his father. Ray, an Iowa farmer, erects a baseball field in his cornfield after a voice tells him, “If you build it, he will come.” The voice continues, and after a series of mysterious and supernatural events, he is able to make amends. It is quite possible that a game of catch can heal most wounds between a father and son — even death, I suppose.

Best line: “If you build it, he will come.”

North by Northwest

Starring dapper dude Cary Grant, North by Northwest is classic Alfred Hitchcock. Grant plays a hapless New York advertising executive mistaken for a government agent by a group of foreign spies, and is pursued across the country while he looks for a way to survive. The problem is the government thinks he’s a spy, too, and they’re on the chase as well. Talk about a bad day.

Best line: “I don’t like the way Teddy Roosevelt is looking at me.”

The Outsiders

The film adaption of SE Hinton’s famous novel perfectly captures the tumultuous nature of teenage angst. The well-to-do Socs and blue collar Greasers hate each other’s guts, and when Johnny the Greaser kills a Soc, a series of dramatic and tragic events are set in motion, including an old fashioned rumble. The film is a star-studded affair, filled with the likes of Rob Lowe, Emilio Estevez, Matt Dillon, Tom Cruise, Patrick Swayze, Ralph Macchio, and Diane Lane, many before they were household names. And best of all, it was shot on location in my home city of Tulsa.

Best line: “Stay gold, Ponyboy, stay gold.”

First Blood (Rambo)

The more weighty issues in First Blood are usually overshadowed by the gratuitous action. Understandably so, but the movie is built on Rambo’s struggle to return to society after the Vietnam War. A Medal of Honor recipient, Rambo is kicked out of a small town and then arrested for vagrancy. The sheriff and his deputies go overboard with torture and Rambo reverts back to what he does best. Nothing good can come from pissing off a guy named Rambo.

Best line: “They drew first blood, not me.”

The Manchurian Candidate

A Cold War classic starring Frank Sinatra in probably his best movie performance. The film was so controversial that it was banned from further release after JFK’s assassination. The Manchurian Candidate focuses on the way in which propaganda and the manufacture of political views can influence one’s perception and behavior in the most provocative of ways. The story follows several former Korean War soldiers who have been brainwashed by the military. Follow them as they try to unravel the source of the reoccurring nightmares. A real thriller. Don’t bother with the Denzel Washington version. The original is still the best.

Best line: “There are two kinds of people in this world: Those that enter a room and turn the television set on, and those that enter a room and turn the television set off.”

In the Heat of the Night

Virgil Tibbs (Sidney Poitier), a respected detective from up north, is thrown into a murder investigation in the small town of Sparta, Mississippi. While he initially doesn’t want any part of the case, Tibbs exemplifies manly resolve as he sticks around, staring down bigot after bigot while searching for the murderer. The film is famous for a scene in which Tibbs, after being slapped by a white man, slaps him right back. The screenplay originally called for Poitier to simply take it, but the actor found this passive response degrading and insisted he be allowed to hit back. That my friends, is being a man. You slap me in the face, I’ll slap you right back, Sucka.

Best line: “They call me MISTER Tibbs!”

Shane

A quiet gunslinger who is trying to escape his past befriends a pioneer family that has settled out west. He attempts to settle down and become a hired hand to the family, but the ranchers who want to drive cattle through the homesteaders’ property are attempting to drive them out. Shane tries to stay out of the disputes, but keeps being drawn in and is finally compelled to put his six shooter back on to protect his adoptive family. Perhaps the most touching part of the movie is the relationship Shane develops with the farmer’s son.

Best line: “A gun is a tool, Marian; no better or no worse than any other tool: an axe, a shovel or anything. A gun is as good or as bad as the man using it. Remember that.”

Double Indemnity

Perhaps the greatest American contribution to the noir style, Double Indemnity is dark rumination on greed, manipulation, and betrayal. Barbara Stanwyck plays a classic femme fatale who uses her womanly wiles to lure insurance salesman Walter Neff into a plan to kill her husband for the “double indemnity” payout. But Neff is not a guileless victim after all. Palatable tension, suspense, and snappy dialogue make this film a true classic.

Best line: “How could I have known that murder could sometimes smell like honeysuckle?”

Mar Adentro (The Sea Inside)

Politics of euthanasia aside, living is so much more than just breathing. Based on the life of Ramón Sampedro, the movie examines the fight to end his own life after 30 years of being paralyzed from the neck down. Despite his desire to end his life, through his courage and self awareness, he inspired others to embrace their own.

The Maltese Falcon

The Maltese Falcon is filled with ambiguities in morality. Sam Spade, played by Humphrey Bogart, is a hardened and cynical man. But underneath his rough exterior is a man with a sense of idealism. Spade lives by a code of honor that doesn’t let him take the corrupt and easy solution to life’s problems. The Maltese Falcon forces us to answer a simple question: when push comes to shove, will we stick to our own code of honor or will we sell out?

Best line: “[It’s the] stuff that dreams are made of.”

Das Boot

Das Boot puts you inside a stranded and submered German U-Boat and explores the physical and emotional tensions of the situation with a vivid, terrifying realism. Holding it all together, under harrowing conditions, is a single man. The captain is a scruffy, mildly cynical, bastion of strength. He deals calmly with almost any situation, drawing on a seemingly unlimited store of courage.

Best line: “You have to have good men. Good men, all of them.”

Star Wars (The Original Trilogy)

The reason Star Wars became a cultural phenomenon wasn’t because of the special effects. It was the story. Star Wars simply put a futuristic spin on the archetypal story of heroic good vs. evil that men have been telling around fires for millennia. Stick with the original trilogy. They’re still the best. Mainly because manly man Han Solo is in it. If CGI effects was all it took to make a good movie, then we would have all loved Jar Jar Binks.

Best line: “I am your father.”

Rudy

Rudy, a scrappy blue collar kid, has a dream of playing football with the Fighting Irish of Notre Dame. While Rudy wasn’t blessed with the talent or the body to be a star athlete, he’s a got a lot of heart and determination. When you’re feeling like the underdog in life, just plop down and watch Rudy. You’ll be ready to “Play Like a Champion” afterwards.

Best Line: “You’re 5 foot nothin’, 100 and nothin’, and you have barely a speck of athletic ability. And you hung in there with the best college football players in the land for 2 years. And you’re gonna walk outta here with a degree from the University of Notre Dame. In this life, you don’t have to prove nothin’ to nobody but yourself. And after what you’ve gone through, if you haven’t done that by now, it ain’t gonna never happen. Now go on back.”

High Noon

High Noon is film about being torn between duty, love and standing up for what you believe in, even when everyone else abandons you. Gary Cooper plays Will Kane, a town marshal from New Mexico, who settles down with his pacifist Quaker wife (played by Grace Kelly, one of your grandpa’s babes). Kane plans to retire to a peaceful life are interrupted after he gets word that a former gunslinger is coming in on the noon train to settle an old score with him. His wife pleads with him to leave town, but Kane knows he can’t. He has a duty to defend the town and his honor. Will finds himself alone in the battle as everyone in town, including his deputy sheriff, have turned away from him. The tension builds, leading up to the final gun battle.

Best line: “Don’t shove me Harv. I’m tired of being shoved.”

Gandhi

It is impossible to capture the life of any man in one film, much less the life of a man who saw and did as much as Mahatma Gandhi. Thus the filmmakers who tried to capture his life on the silver screen sought not to give a blow by blow account of Gandhi’s life, but instead to capture his spirit in what they did show. The film begins with Gandhi’s assassination and then starts the retrospective of his life, beginning with his being thrown off a train for being Indian, and through his non-violent efforts to win Indians their rights and then their independence. One man truly can free an entire nation, if not change the entire world.

Best line: “They may torture my body, break my bones, even kill me, then they will have my dead body. NOT MY OBEDIENCE!”

Rebel Without a Cause

When people think about James Dean, they typically picture him in his role in Rebel Without a Cause. Even though it’s over 50 years old, Rebel Without a Cause still captures the feelings of modern teenage angst: nervous, confused, and feeling lost in a world that is changing. James Dean plays Jim Stark, a juvenile delinquent who moves into a new town. Jim clashes with other teenagers and his parents, whom he feels simply don’t understand him. The movie often points a finger at weak or absent fathers as the cause of teenage rebellion. Jim father’s always backs down to his wife when they argue, leading Jim to ask, “What do you do when you have to be a man?”

Best line: “You’re tearing me apart!”

The French Connection

The French Connection is based on the true story of the Turmanio Case — a large heroine smuggling ring that linked the New York mob with a French mob in Marseilles. Two NYC cops busted the ring using tactics that were morally and ethically questionable. In The French Connection, the names have been changed, but the overall story stays the same. Legendary actor Gene Hackman plays Popeye Doyle, a ruthless cop who’ll do anything, legal or not, to get the job done: wiretaps, shakedowns, theft distribution of heroin to informants, extortion. You get the idea. The French Connection is thus a Machiavellian film. It forces the viewer to ask themselves if the ends really do justify the means, even if the end is noble. Oh, and a porkpie hat never looked so bad ass on a man as it does on Gene Hackman in this film.

Best line: “All right, Popeye’s here!”

Casablanca

Filled with iconic scenes and memorable (but often misquoted) lines, Casablanca is a love story that you can watch with your girlfriend, while still feeling manly because it has Humphrey Bogart in it. Bogart plays Rick Blaine, a bitter American ex-patriate living in Casablanca during World War II. One day his old flame and the woman who turned him cynical, Ilsa Lund (Ingrid Bergman) walks into his club with her husband. An awkward and tense love triangle commences. In the end Blaine has a decision that many men face in their life: get what you want or sacrifice for the greater cause.

Best line: “Here’s looking at you kid.”

Unforgiven

Cinema often glorifies the Old West as a mythic time when good guys wore white and the bad ones wore black. In Unforgiven, director/actor/producer Clint Eastwood shines a light on the dark, violent, and morally ambiguous aspects of life in frontier America. Clint Eastwood plays William Munny, a once notorious and violent killer. Now, he’s just a quiet and tired farmer who is a devoted father still mourning his dead wife. But Will’s old life comes back to haunt him when he’s asked to do a hit on a cowboy who slashed the face of a prostitute. Will is transplanted from his farm in Kansas to a town in Wyoming where he meets Sheriff Little Bill Daggett (Gene Hackman), a mean son-of-a-bitch who is determined to not let the hit go down, no matter what it takes. Hold onto your hats, partners. This isn’t your grandpa’s Western.

Best line: “Hell of a thing, killing a man. You take away all he’s got and all he’s ever gonna have.”

The Iron Giant

Animated films often don’t have much to offer a man, packed as they are with zany animal sidekicks and pop culture humor. But The Iron Giant is not so much an animated film as it is a film that happens to be animated. It’s a beautifully drawn, intelligent, and thoughtful film in which a giant robot falls from space and is befriended and taken care of by a boy. It’s 1957, and Cold War paranoia is running high, making the robot a target of government suspicion. I won’t give the ending away, but the story is an emotional tale about doing the right thing and sacrifice. A real masterpiece.

Best line: “You are what you choose to be. You choose. Choose.”

Gladiator

General Maximus Decimus Meridius represents all that is good in a man. He loved his family, he loved his country, he knew how to lead, and he kicked some serious ass. This movie has everything a man would want in a flim: epic battle scenes involving huge swords and a protagonist who is fighting for what is right. If you ever need a film to pump you up for something, watch Gladiator.

Best line: “What we do in life, echoes in eternity.”

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Jimmy Stewart plays a small town scoutmaster named Jefferson Smith who is picked to fill an empty U.S. Senate seat. The scheming politicians and party boss who foisted this office on Mr. Smith had plans to control this naive country bumpkin as a cog in their political machine. Little did they know, they picked a man filled with integrity, honor, and ideals. The filibusterer scene is classic. Mr. Smith spoke for 23 hours straight, beseeching his fellow Congressman to listen to their consciences, only to faint out of exhaustion at the end. Hokey? Maybe a bit. But in a world where corporate and political corruption runs rampant, men like Mr. Smith can inspire all men everywhere to stand up for what is right.

Best line: “Because of just one, plain, simple rule: Love thy neighbor. And in this world today, full of hatred, a man who knows that one rule has a great trust. You know that rule, Mr. Paine, and I loved you for it, just as my father did. And you know that you fight for the lost causes harder than for any others. Yes, you even die for them, like a man we both knew, Mr. Paine.”

The Hustler

A brash young pool shark named Fast Eddie (Paul Newman) sets his sights on defeating one of the game’s greatest players — Minnesota Fats (Jackie Gleason). But getting up on Fats isn’t enough. He wants to crush his opponent. Eddie’s relentless drive eventually becomes his undoing as his winning streak turns to defeat. But Fast Eddie is tenacious. He musters up some more cash and challenges Minnesota Fats again. The Hustler is about more than pool. It’s about winning and losing, greed, self-respect, and redemption.

Best line: “You know, this is my table, man. I own it.”

The Untouchables

During the time of Prohibition, when it seemed the whole country could be bought and sold by ganglords, a small group of men stood firm and fought the storm that raged around them. The movie follows Eliot Ness, a U.S. Treasury Agent, and his group of hand picked men that brought down the infamous mob boss, Al Capone. Sean Connery is perfect as Jim Malone, the gritty Irish street cop who taught us never to bring a knife to a gun fight.

Best line: “You wanna know how to get Capone? They pull a knife, you pull a gun. He sends one of yours to the hospital, you send one of his to the morgue. That’s the Chicago way!”

The Grapes of Wrath

Based on John Steinbeck’s famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath follows a group of “Okies” during the Great Depression on their westward trip to a California in search of a better life. Henry Fonda plays the story’s main protagonist, Tom Joad, a man who has to hold his family together as the high hopes they began the journey with collide with a far colder reality. The film softened Steinbeck’s political overtones and gave the story a more hopeful ending, yet it’s still a movie of real thought-provoking substance.

Best Line: “I’ll be all around in the dark – I’ll be everywhere. Wherever you can look – wherever there’s a fight, so hungry people can eat, I’ll be there. Wherever there’s a cop beatin’ up a guy, I’ll be there. I’ll be in the way guys yell when they’re mad. I’ll be in the way kids laugh when they’re hungry and they know supper’s ready, and when the people are eatin’ the stuff they raise and livin’ in the houses they build – I’ll be there, too.”

Bullitt

Steve McQueen is the man and Bullitt puts his rugged manliness on full display. The film is raw and edgy and changed the way detective movies were made in Hollywood. The best thing about this movie? The epic car chase scene through the streets of San Francisco. It was and still is the best car chase scene in film history. A 390 GT Mustang never looked so good.

Best line: “You work your side of the street and I’ll work mine.”

The Best Years of Our Lives

Although we remember World War II as “the good war,” the one where the soldiers didn’t complain much about the hell they went through, GIs from the Big One had the same rough time transitioning back to home life that all soldiers did and do. And The Best Years of Our Lives is a rare movie that honestly captures that experience. The film follows 3 servicemen who hitch a ride together back to the same town. Each has a very different life he is coming home to, and each has their own struggles to fit back into that life.

Best line: “You know, I had a dream. I dreamt I was home. I’ve had that same dream hundreds of times before. This time, I wanted to find out if it’s really true. Am I really home?”

Die Hard

With believable characters and deft touches of humor supplementing the blow em up plot, Die Hard reigns as one of the greatest action films of all time. John McClane, played by Bruce Willis, is an off-duty cop who gets caught up in a fight when sophisticated bank robbers crash his wife’s company Christmas party. He picks them off one by one, and even survives their attempt to blow up the building. I’d hate to see what John McClane would have done if he had his shoes on.

Best line: “Come out to the coast, we’ll get together, have a few laughs . . .”

Enter the Dragon

An underground martial arts tournament, drugs, prostitutes, revenge, some sick Kung Fu, mirrors — is there anything this movie doesn’t have? The first Kung Fu flick to come out of Hollywood was, sadly, the final one from Bruce Lee. Hailed as one of the most financially profitable films of all time, Enter the Dragon capitalized on the insane ability of one of martial arts’ prodigies. The story follows Lee on a journey to avenge his sister’s death and bring honor back to his master and Shaolin Temple. Throw in a secret island, some hookers, maybe a little international espionage and . . . let’s face it, we don’t really watch these kinds of movies for the plot. Bruce Lee is ridiculously awesome and that’s all I really need to say.

Best line: “Don’t think. FEEL. It is like a finger pointing away to the moon. Do not concentrate on the finger or you will miss all that heavenly glory.”

Malcolm X

American culture has unfortunately and simplistically rendered the history of the civil rights movement as a battle between Martin Luther King Jr., the good guy who got it right, and Malcolm X, the bad guy who got it wrong. The story is of course much more complicated, as is Malcolm X himself. You owe it to yourself to get a fuller picture of the man by reading his autobiography, and watching this film which also goes a long way in showing both his faults and his too often forgotten virtues.

Best line: “A man curses because he doesn’t have the words to say what’s on his mind.”

Cinderella Man

A validation of self-worth can be a powerful element to sustain a man. After an injury caused James Braddock to plummet from the top of the boxing world, he struggled to survive and provide for his family through the Great Depression. At nearly the breaking point, he gets a chance to fight again. Everyone expected him to be an easy opponent, but a desperate and hungry man can be extremely dangerous. He wins the fight and continues to win, leading him to fight in the heavyweight championship. Braddock’s true story is about more than boxing; his rise, fall, and dream of redemption mirrored the whole nation’s hopes.

Best line: “I have to believe that when things are bad I can change them.”

The Right Stuff

From the breaking of the sound barrier by Chuck Yeager to the space flights of the Mercury 7 astronauts, the movie provides an inside look at the American side of the space race. The flaws and reality of the program are exposed along with those of the astronauts. They were human – which makes them all the more heroic.

Best line: “What Gus is saying is that we’re missing the point. What Gus is saying is that we all heard the rumors that they want to send a monkey up first. Well, none of us wants to think that they’re gonna send a monkey up to do a man’s work. But what Gus is saying is that what they’re trying to do to us is send a man up to do a monkey’s work. Us, a bunch of college-trained chimpanzees!”

True Grit

As westerns go, is there any greater than those starring John Wayne – and here the eye patch only makes him more hardcore. Hired by a young girl to track down the man that killed her father, Wayne takes on the role of Rooster Cogburn, the marshal with “grit” enough to bring the man to justice. Despite his failing health, John Wayne played the ailing law man to an Oscar-winning performance.

Best line: “Well, a gun that’s unloaded and cocked ain’t good for nothin’.”

A Streetcar Named Desire

Sometimes people are just barely hanging on to their sanity. Those around them can either talk them off the ledge, or push them over it. Case in point: Blanche Dubois. Now this chick may have been a few cards short of a deck to start with, but at least she was holding on. Stanley may be the perfect example of how a man should never treat a woman. If the man had any ounce of sympathetic understanding to replace his uber-brutish machismo, Blanche may have turned the corner into the land of the functional.

Best line: “Stella!”

Vertigo

Hailed as one of the greatest movies of all time, the film captures a man’s descent from sanity as the effects of his acrophobia prevent him from saving the woman he came to love. Of course, the movie wouldn’t be a Hitchcock classic if there weren’t some crazy twists thrown in there. The character played by Jimmy Stewart suffers from an intense fear of heights and strange events continue to unfold as a result. Mix in some shadowy women, a little murder and you’ve got one of the greatest mystery films ever made. Moral of the story: get over your fear of heights before people start dying.

Best line: “You shouldn’t keep souvenirs of a killing. You shouldn’t have been that sentimental.”

All Quiet on the Western Front

All Quiet on the Western Front is the godfather of modern war movies. Almost all pay homage in their execution or effect. The film is from the eyes of German soldiers fresh to the front lines in WWI. The story follows Paul as he and his buddies question the politics of war and other atrocities they face. As those in the group continue to die, even when they are supposed to be out of harm’s way, the futility of war becomes ever more apparent. A glimpse into the mind of those that fight, the film was groundbreaking in its intense portrayal of the frontlines.

Best line: “You still think it’s beautiful to die for your country. The first bombardment taught us better. When it comes to dying for country, it’s better not to die at all.”

The Shawshank Redemption

Several themes run deep in this adaptation of Stephen King’s novella. Not to get too philosophical on you, but I could spend days digging through all the elements this movies presents. Andy, a banker, (Tim Robbins) is falsely imprisoned for the murder of his wife and her boyfriend. In prison he develops a friendship with Red (Morgan Freeman), and they do whatever it takes to survive. In the morally bankrupt world of the prison, Andy maintains his integrity and relies on his unfounded hope in the world. I guess I probably shouldn’t use the word “redemption” to describe the movie because it’s actually in the title, but it’s how this redemption is achieved that makes the story shine. Hands down, a movie for the ages.

Best line: “Get busy living or get busy dying.”

Cool Hand Luke

At first glance, this movie seems like just another slacker anti-establishment movie, and maybe it is, but what makes this movie great is the layers of interpretation that can be applied to it. Luke (Paul Newman) is sent to prison camp for vandalizing parking meters and faithfully resists whatever authority is thrown at him. Though gaining the admiration of his peers with his non-conformist attitude and escape attempts, the prison officials brutally punish Luke to break his spirit. Eventually they do and Luke is abandoned by his admirers. One last escape attempt leads Luke to a final confrontation. Take whatever path of interpretation you want, religious to existential to just about anything – Cool Hand Luke speaks to the rebel in all of us. R.I.P. Paul Newman. Thanks for all the manly times.

Best line: “What we have here is a failure to communicate.”

Spartacus

Gladiator/Slave revolts – does it get any more inspiring? You’re forced to fight some dude for no reason, they take the woman you love, the crap just keeps piling up and there’s really no other choice – let’s take on the most powerful empire on the planet. Sounds crazy, but Spartacus almost pulled it off. Rallying the oppressed around him, he led one of the largest revolts of all time. In one of the most memorable scenes in movie history, while facing certain death, his men stand up and proclaim “I am Spartacus” to preserve their leader from crucifixion. That’s some serious loyalty, gentlemen.

Best line: “I am Spartacus.”

Mississippi Burning

Based loosely on the true story of the murder of three civil rights workers in 1964, Mississippi Burning follows the FBI’s attempts to bring the perpetrators of that crime to justice. The film centers on two of the Bureau’s agents, Alan Ward (William Dafoe) and Rupert Anderson (Gene Hackman). Ward wants to conduct the investigation by the book, while Anderson, who is from Mississippi, understands that using more, let’s say loosely legal tactics, is the way to go. Like threatening the deputy sheriff with a deadly straight razor shave. Nice.

Best line: “With an old man who was just so full of hate that he didn’t know that being poor was what was killing him.”

Chinatown

Who would have thought stealing water would lead to such craziness? Nicholson is at his hardcore finest as a private eye that sheds light on a huge scandal involving real estate, dams, water, some unsuspecting senior citizens, and even incest. That’s a really random list, but it clearly worked for a lot of people – it was nominated for 11 Academy Awards.

Best line: “Forget it, Jake, it’s Chinatown.”

Remember the Titans

Nothing brings people together like football and desegregation. In the early 1970s, two schools in Virginia are forced to segregate in order to comply with a federal mandate. Herman Boone (Denzel Washington) is selected as the head coach of the football team over the current successful white coach. The town goes crazy. The team goes crazy. The coaches go crazy. But the team comes together and they play a dream season for their new coach. I love this movie. I forget how much I love it until it comes on TV, and I can’t change the channel. I seriously wish Denzel Washington was my football coach. I would have destroyed everyone.

Best line: “This is where they fought the battle of Gettysburg. Fifty thousand men died right here on this field, fighting the same fight that we are still fighting among ourselves today. This green field right here, painted red, bubblin’ with the blood of young boys. Smoke and hot lead pouring right through their bodies. Listen to their souls, men. I killed my brother with malice in my heart. Hatred destroyed my family. You listen, and you take a lesson from the dead. If we don’t come together right now on this hallowed ground, we too will be destroyed, just like they were. I don’t care if you like each other of not, but you will respect each other. And maybe . . . I don’t know, maybe we’ll learn to play this game like men.”

Braveheart

Mistake #1: Primae noctis? Are you crazy, Long Shanks?

Mistake #2: Slicing up William Wallace’s woman? Are you asking to get your fort burned down? Never hack off a Scotsman.

Mel Gibson’s portrayal of the battle painted warrior poet William Wallace is easily one of the greatest heroes in all of movie history. I refrain from commenting on historical accuracies, but the Battle of Stirling is one of, if not the best battle scene of all time. I can say no more.

Best line: “Every man dies, not every man really lives.”

Citizen Kane

Citizen Kane is not only a classic film frequently ranked as the very best of all time, it’s also a handy primer on how not to be a man. Don’t let power corrupt your soul; don’t let pride crush your relationships; don’t push everyone away until you die alone, an arrogant jerk with his just desserts. And don’t get so hung up on childhood memories that you can never build a life for yourself.

Best line: “Maybe Rosebud was something he couldn’t get, or something he lost. Anyway, it wouldn’t have explained anything . . . I don’t think any word can explain a man’s life. No, I guess Rosebud is just a . . . piece in a jigsaw puzzle . . . a missing piece.”

On the Waterfront

It’s the story of longshoreman and ex-boxer Terry Malloy (Marlin Brando) who is blackballed and savagely beaten for informing against the mobsters who have taken over his union and sold it out to the bosses. During the film we see Malloy become aware of his personal power to fight and eliminate the corruption that surrounds him. It’s a classic story of one man defying insurmountable odds to fight for what’s right.

Best line: “You don’t understand! I coulda had class. I coulda been a contender. I could’ve been somebody, instead of a bum, which is what I am.”

The Bourne Identity (Trilogy)

I truly believe, that deep in our hearts, all men want to be assassins. I don’t know if it is the mystique, the weapons, the fact that you are a killing machine, or whatever; assassins may very well be the top of the food chain. But what makes the Bourne movies so watchable, is that they don’t rely solely on Jason Bourne kicking the crap out of people. Of course that element is present, but Matt Damon is able to bring the character to the forefront. It is the relationships that Bourne builds with himself and others that keep the films from crossing over into the cliché. That and killing guys with pens and/or magazines.

Best line: “I can tell you the license plate numbers of all six cars outside. I can tell you that our waitress is left-handed and the guy sitting up at the counter weighs two hundred fifteen pounds and knows how to handle himself. I know the best place to look for a gun is the cab of the gray truck outside, and at this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking. Now why would I know that? How can I know that and not know who I am?”

Rocky

I love a good underdog story, and Rocky is the king of them all. The movie poster’s tag line sums up the movie pretty well: “His whole life was a million-to-one shot.” Sylvester Stallone plays Rocky Balboa, a two bit working class boxer from Philadelphia who gets the chance to fight the world heavyweight champion of the world. The training montage with Rocky running up the stairs of the library at the end is a cultural icon and still inspires men to get off their butt and start exercising. Cue “Eye of the Tiger.”

Best line: “I just want to say hi to my girlfriend, okay? Yo, Adrian! It’s me, Rocky.”

Apollo 13

I don’t think you could dream up a worse situation: stuck in a tin can, floating around in outer space with no power and running out of oxygen. The now famous line, “Houston, we have a problem,” is definitely an understatement. Three guys trapped in a disabled shuttle after a trip to the moon goes horribly wrong, and all they have to save them are some of the greatest minds on the planet. Using some killer brain power and whatever junk they can find around the ship, NASA tries to bring these boys back home.

Best line: “With all due respect, sir, I believe this is gonna be our finest hour.”

Glory

Overcoming prejudice, the men of the 54th Massachusetts become one of the first units in the US Army to be made of up African American volunteers. In the face of a decree claiming that any black man caught fighting for the Federal Army would be hanged and any white officer leading those men would also be executed, the group fights to prove themselves to their own Union Army as well as the enemy Confederates. Lead by Col. Robert Gould Shaw, the unit makes a valiant but unsuccessful attempt to take Ft. Wagner – losing half their men in the process, but gaining respect and admiration for their bravery.

Best line: “Give ’em Hell ’54!”

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest

In an Oscar-winning performance, Jack Nicholson plays the part of a criminal who pretends (or is he?) to be crazy in order to placed in a mental hospital instead of prison. The patients there are under the oppressive, icy watch of Nurse Ratched. R.P. McMurphy (Nicholson) sets out to give the patients some optimism, happiness, and freedom, while also driving Nurse Ratched crazy. There’s no big action scenes or special effects, almost the entire movie is set in the hospital, and yet the characters and McMurphy’s rebellion against the soul-sucking nature of the institution makes for a story that will stick with you for a long time to come.

Best line: “But I tried, didn’t I? Goddamnit, at least I did that.”

The Karate Kid

I am hard pressed to think of a saying with more philosophical depth and insight than “Wax on, wax off.” It’s too bad that doing chores doesn’t really teach karate. I would be a grand master by now – but that’s beside the point. Daniel-san and Mr. Miyagi create one of the most memorable underdog stories as they take on the Kobra Kai at the All-Valley Karate Tournament. Plus, Daniel-san gets a car and the girl, Alli with an “I.” Will Smith’s ten-year-old son is slated to star in a remake of the Karate Kid, constituting the greatest sacrilege in film history.

Best line: “Wax on, wax off.”

The African Queen

The things a man will do at the insistence of a woman. Poor Charlie Allnut (Humphrey Bogart) gets suckered into going after a German gunboat by the feisty Rose Sayer. When her brother is killed by the invading Germans in East Africa, she recruits Charlie, the captain of the African Queen, to take down the offenders. I guess Katherine Hepburn can be pretty persuasive because despite the craziness and certain death that awaits them, Charlie gives in. It works out pretty well for him because they get married and he gets to blow up the bad guys.

Best line: “Well, yeah, but I never tried shooting myself in the head neither.”

The Sting

A classic caper movie set in 1936 Chicago. Two Chicago con artists (Newman and Redford) set out to avenge the murder of a mutual friend, only to find themselves in a high-stakes game against the master of all cheating mobsters (Robert Shaw). The dialogue between Newman and Redford is fresh and entertaining. Art of Manliness readers may appreciate the format of the film. The movie’s sections are divided by old-fashioned title cards with lettering and illustrations rendered in a style reminiscent of the Saturday Evening Post. The Sting also breathed new life into “The Entertainer,” a piano rag written by Scott Joplin.

Best line: “Sorry I’m late. I was taking a crap.”

Chariots of Fire

How much do you believe in yourself? And maybe more importantly, what are you willing to do to stand up for what you believe? Two men from the British track team vie for Olympic glory in 1924. Both run the 100 meters and both have extremely different reasons for running. One must overcome prejudice and Anti-Semitism, the other risks everything to stay true to his God.

Best line: “Then where does the power come from, to see the race to its end? From within.”

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

If you inherit a bunch of money, and you want to be charitable and buy poor people farms so that they can work and provide for themselves, and your financial advisor calls you crazy, and they end up putting you on trial to judge your sanity – what do you do? Start punching people in the face, that’s what.

Best line: “People here are funny. They work so hard at living they forget how to live.”

Schindler’s List

One man’s eyes are opened to the brutality of the surroundings he once embraced. Though far from a perfect man, Oskar Schindler did all he could to preserve the lives of Jewish workers as the “Final Solution” threatened them all with extinction. Risking his life and using his personal wealth, he was able to save the lives of close to 1,100 people. Moving, brutal, and beautiful; it’s hard to watch but must be. A masterpiece.

Best line: “It’s Hebrew, it’s from the Talmud. It says, ‘Whoever saves one life, saves the world entire.’”

All the President’s Men

With newspapers fighting to survive, it’s great to watch a film about how essential good journalism really is. The film follows Woodward and Bernstein as they shed light on the break-in at the Watergate Hotel and a trail of illegal activity that led to the White House. Talk about some gutsy reporters. Watchdogs, indeed. This movie has all the trimmings of the finest mystery thrillers – but it actually happened. I bet this movie makes Nixon wish he would have changed that whole “freedom of the press” business while he was in office.

Best line: “Listen . . . I’m tired of your chickens**t games! I don’t want hints . . . I need to know what you know.”

Zulu

The Victoria Cross is awarded to any person under military command for “most conspicuous bravery, or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice.” It is the highest military decoration awarded by the British military, and the battle at Rourkes Drift saw eleven awarded – the most in a single engagement.

140 British soldiers guarding a supply dump faced an overwhelming Zulu army of 4,000. They defended themselves and nearly a third of their men that were sick in the infirmary from the onslaught. The movie is ominous as the stage is set for the battle and urgency takes over as the battle ensues. Although the movie takes liberties with the elements of the true battle, little is diminished in its inspiring effect.

Best line: “A prayer’s as good as bayonet on a day like this.”

Patton

What do you get when you cross a crazy man with a military genius? George S. Patton. Old Blood and Guts. Patton was an American tank commander who was a main factor in the Allies victories in North Africa and Italy during WWII. Patton isn’t so much about WWII than it is about this larger than life man. Even if you haven’t seen this film, you’ve probably seen the famous speech scene in front of the American flag at the beginning of the movie.

Best line: “Now I want you to remember that no bastard ever won a war by dying for his country. He won it by making the other poor dumb bastard die for his country.”

Lawrence of Arabia

It seems we hear about guerrilla warfare in the desert almost every day in the news. Maybe we should take some cues from our good buddy Larry of Arabia and turn this war around. The film follows T.E. Lawrence, an officer in the British army during WWI, as he rallies the Arab people in fighting the British enemies. Lawrence overcomes crazy odds and impresses the locals with his tenacity and skill.

Best line: “The trick, William Potter, is not minding that it hurts.”

The Godfather (I and II)

The Godfather is more than just a shoot em up mobster movie. It’s a cinematic masterpiece that touches on themes that are universal to the human condition: family, honor, the choice between good and evil, and revenge just to name a few. We get a first hand look at the inner-conflict that Michael Corleone (Al Pacino) faces as he chooses between leading a normal life or taking part in the family business.

Best line: “I’m gonna make him an offer he can’t refuse.” And a hundred others.

12 Angry Men

A young disadvantaged boy is charged with murder, and the case against him seems overwhelming. While all the jurors are ready to convict the kid so they can get back to their lives, one man stands up for justice and gives the kid the fair trial that he deserves. Despite the social pressure to put in a guilty vote, juror #8 slowly persuades his fellow jurors that not enough evidence exists to convict the defendant.

Best line: “We may be trying to let a guilty man go free, I don’t know. Nobody really can. But we have a reasonable doubt, and that’s something that’s very valuable in our system. No jury can declare a man guilty unless it’s SURE.”

Lord of the Rings (Trilogy)

Sure, most of the characters are mythological creatures like hobbits and dwarfs, but that doesn’t mean we can’t gleam some lessons on manliness from them. In this action-packed and beautifully filmed trilogy we see examples of loyalty, duty, and bravery displayed by the characters. And the story’s main protagonist, Frodo Baggins, teaches us that we often don’t choose our calling in life, it chooses us. And when it does, give it all you got. The story is so good you can’t help but watch all three back-to-back in a nine-hour marathon.

Gangs of New York

Gangs of New York takes viewers back to the mean streets of 19th century New York City. It was time when waves of Irish immigrants poured into New York City every day and the city was rife with political corruption. Irish American Amsterdam Vallon (Leonardo Di Carprio) returns to his old New York neighborhood to avenge the death of his father at the hands of the murderous, knife wielding nativist, Bill the Butcher (Daniel Day Lewis). The costume design and art direction in this film are amazing and Daniel Day Lewis does an impeccable job in creating one of the most interesting, evil, and strangely sympathetic characters in all of movie history. He totally got robbed of the Best Actor Oscar.

Best line: “Thank God. I die a true American.”

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly is the last in Sergio Leone’s trilogy of “spaghetti westerns.” Despite being the last, it has come to stand on its own. Even if you haven’t seen the film, you probably know something about it. Most likely you’ve heard the iconic theme song with it’s spooky “wha wha wha” shouts. And you’ve probably seen images and scenes of Clint Eastwood wearing a poncho and smoking a cigar. The film follows three cowboys during the Civil War who try to double cross each other in search of Confederate gold. There’s not much of a deep message in this film. It’s just a lot of fun to watch.

Best line: “When you have to shoot, shoot. Don’t talk.”

Dead Poets Society

To live deliberately. This idea is central to the awakening of a group of young preparatory school students inspired by their new English teacher. Robin Williams plays the role of John Keating, the brazen new teacher at a conservative all boys private school. He inspires them to view the world differently and suck the marrow out of their lives. The boys take on their teenage world armed with new perspectives and courage to live their lives with purpose. Sadly, their tightly controlled lives clash and their new insight is challenged. The movie is heartbreakingly inspiring and truly encourages one to seize the day, despite the overwhelming opposition.

Best line: “Carpe diem, seize the day boys, make your lives extraordinary.”

The Searchers

Directed by the legendary John Ford, John Wayne gives his most intense acting performance of his career as the dark and vengeful Ethan Edwards, who vows to kill the Comanche raiders that murdered his beloved sister-in-law, brother, and took captive two of their daughters. Wayne does a fantastic job in embodying a conflicted, complex man whose racism and desire for revenge sets up a situation far more morally ambiguous than Cowboys vs. Indians.

Best line: “That’ll be the day.”

Pride of the Yankees

The Iron Horse’s talent and tenacity made him a legend. His courage in the face of a debilitating disease made him a hero. Lou Gehrig was one of the classiest baseball players America has ever had and who better to play him than Gary Cooper. If you’re not tearing up at the famous “Luckiest man” speech, you my friend, have no soul.

Best line: “Today, I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth.”

Saving Private Ryan

Hailed as the greatest war movie ever made, Saving Private Ryan immerses the viewer in the horrors of the Allied invasion of Europe. While the battle scenes are great, the story and the underlying question it poses are even better. Tom Hanks plays an army captain who leads a small squadron to find and send home a soldier who lost all three of his brothers in war. Why risk the lives of several men, just to save one? That’s the question that we’re left asking ourselves during the movie. The answer? It’s just the decent thing to do. The end scene will leave you crying like a baby and with a new found respect for the brave men who sacrificed everything for our freedoms.

Best line: “James, earn this . . . earn it.”

American Beauty

Meet Lester Burnham; a man who feels like he’s completely dead inside. His wife and daughter despise him and don’t show him any respect. His big corporate job and the demands of modern life have emasculated him. But Lester starts waking up from his emotional comma after he meets his daughter’s good looking friend. Sadly, Lester’s awakening leads him down a path of immaturity that results in tragic consequences for him and his family. American Beauty is a beautifully filmed movie that sheds light on the dark side of the American Dream. We learn from the messed up characters in this movie that happiness can’t be bought and that the suburbs can kill your manhood if you let it. It’s The Death of a Salesman for the 1990s.

Best line: “Both my wife and daughter think I’m this gigantic loser and they’re right, I have lost something. I’m not exactly sure what it is but I know I didn’t always feel this . . . sedated. But you know what? It’s never too late to get it back.”

Seven Samurai

Seven Samurai is probably one of the most influential films ever made. Countless westerns were inspired by this 1954 Japanese classic. The Magnificent Seven being one of them. Set in feudal Japan, a peasant village hires seven medieval mercenaries to defend it from marauding bandits. The bravery the seven samurai show will inspire any man to stand up for injustice.

Line: “This is the nature of war. By protecting others, you save yourselves.”

From Here to Eternity

From Here To Eternity is probably best remembered for the famous beach love scene of Burt Lancaster and Deborah Kerr, but there’s a lot more to this legendary film. Based on the novel by James Jones, From Here to Eternity is about the life of an American soldier stationed in Hawaii before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The film considerably tones down the controversial topics in Jones’ book. However, it was still groundbreaking in its depiction of topics that were taboo in the 1950s: serial adultery, alcoholism, and a U.S. military teeming with corruption and incompetence. The film focuses on two professional soldiers: Prewitt (Montgomery Clift), a hard-headed ex-boxer given “the treatment” by his commanding officer to force him to fight in the regimental boxing championships and the company’s Top Sergeant (Burt Lancaster), who is having an affair with the officer’s frigid wife (Deborah Kerr). From Here to Eternity reminds you that sometimes life’s a messy thing and doesn’t always have happy endings.

Best line: “A man don’t go his own way, he’s nothing.”

Old Yeller

No other movie better portrays the powerful bond between man and canine. No other movie better drives home the message that becoming a man sometimes means doing things that hurt.

Best line: “He was my dog. I’ll do it.”

To Kill a Mockingbird

Gregory Peck plays Atticus Finch, a small-town Alabama lawyer and widower father of two, who passionately defends a black man accused of raping a white woman. The courtroom scenes have inspired many a legal career. In addition to being an inspiring lawyer, Atticus Finch is an inspiring father. If you’re a dad or a dad to be, watch To Kill a Mockingbird and take some notes.

Best line: “If you can learn a simple trick, Scout, you’ll get along a lot better with all kinds of folks. You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view, until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it.”

Dr. No

The first James Bond film and quite possibly the best. 007 (Sean Connery) is sent on a mission to Jamaica to investigate the murder of a fellow MI-6 agent. Action, intrigue, and suggestively-named women are mixed in to make this a stellar guilty pleasure.

Best line: “Bond. James Bond.”

Jeremiah Johnson

An American soldier (Robert Redford) goes west to escape the Mexican War and becomes a mountain man. A grizzled old trapper takes Johnson in and teaches him how to survive harsh winters, bears, and Indians. After accidentally violating an Indian burial ground, he loses his new Indian wife and their adopted child to vengeance, and a vendetta between him and the Crows ruins his idyllic life as a fur trapper. For about half the movie we get to see Jeremiah Johnson take on surprise attacks by Crow Indians with nothing but his fists and a Bowie knife. The film is actually based on the real life of mountain man Jeremiah Johnson

Best line: “Where you headed?” “Same place you are, Jeremiah: hell, in the end”

A River Runs Through It

A River Runs Through It follows an older brother’s attempt to save his talented brother from self-destruction through the healing power of fly fishing. Set in Montana’s beautiful Blackfoot River country, the viewer is presented with stunning shots of nature. Director Robert Redford’s commentary and narration engages the viewer to ponder important life questions. From the story we learn that sometimes the people we love the most are the hardest to help.

Best line: “It is those we live with and love and should know who elude us.”

The Bridge On the River Kwai

A group of British prisoners of war during WWII are ordered to build a bridge for the Japanese Burma-Siam railway. Instead of sabotaging the bridge, the men build the bridge under the command of Colonel Nicholson. The bridge becomes a metaphor for the futility and insanity of war, egotistical pride, a belief in saving “face,” and stubborn, inflexible obedience to class, military codes, and rules.

Best line: “Do not speak to me of rules. This is war! This is not a game of cricket.”

Gentleman’s Agreement

“I swear I’m not a racist but . . .” So many people have no idea what their true feelings toward people are until their foot is shoved in their mouth. In the film, Phil Green (Gregory Peck) poses as a Jewish man in the cultured society of New York and Connecticut to gain information for a magazine article. His eyes are opened to the world of bigotry that often goes unnoticed.

Best line: “I’ve come to see lots of nice people who hate it and deplore it and protest their own innocence, then help it along and wonder why it grows. People who would never beat up a Jew. People who think anti-Semitism is far away in some dark place with low-class morons. That’s the biggest discovery I’ve made. The good people. The nice people.”

Fight Club

At first blush, Fight Club just seems like another violent movie with guys beating each other to a bloody pulp. The fighting, however, is just a vehicle to explore and critique the sad state of modern American masculinity. Everything about Fight Club is amazing — the story, the cinematography, the acting, everything. Edward Norton plays a nameless narrator whose life has been hollowed out by his job and his desire to own all the contents in the IKEA catalog. His life changes when he meets soap salesman, Tyler Durden. I wish I could go on, but I can’t. The first rule of Fight Club is never talk about Fight Club. Guess you’ll have to see the movie yourself.

Best line: “You’re not your job. You’re not how much money you have in the bank. You’re not the car you drive. You’re not the contents of your wallet. You’re not your f****ing khakis.”

Indiana Jones (Raiders of the Lost Ark and The Last Crusade)

The hat, the whip, the legend. There aren’t too many films that inspire adventure today. The problem with most current action movies is that there’s too much emphasis on the action and not enough time spent on developing a good story. Indiana Jones strikes a perfect balance of action and first-rate storytelling. Watching an Indiana Jones movie will take you back to your boyhood dreams of fighting Nazis, getting the girl, and swinging from beams with your trusty bullwhip.

It’s a Wonderful Life

A perennial Christmastime favorite (mainly because the copyright wasn’t renewed in 1975 and TV stations could air it for free). We often think of It’s a Wonderful Life as a heartwarming and inspiring film. But if you take a step back, you’ll see that there’s an underlying darkness to it. George Bailey (Jimmy Stewart) had dreams of traveling, going on adventures, and being an architect in a big city. But his responsibilities to his family and his community kept him from leaving his small town. After the savings and loan he owns goes bust, Bailey considers suicide (pretty heavy for the 1940s), only to be shown what life would be like without him. In the end, he learns that happiness is found not in pursuing big dreams but through family, friends, and fulfilling responsibility to those around you.

Best line: “Strange, isn’t it? Each man’s life touches so many other lives. When he isn’t around he leaves an awful hole, doesn’t he?”

A Raisin in the Sun

Is A Raisin in the Sun about racism? Obviously. Is it about family and dreams and identity? Of course. But it’s also about being a man. About becoming a man. Walter Lee Younger makes mistakes, he’s stubborn, and he has his dreams dashed. But he’s not defeated. He finds the humility to unite with his family and the pride to stand up for his convictions. He mans up in the end.

Best line: “He finally come into his manhood today, didn’t he? Kind of like a rainbow after the rain.”

The Natural

When we think of mythic heroes, we often think of characters from classical history like Achilles or Agamemnon. In The Natural, we see the archetype of the epic and mythological hero transposed from the battlefields of ancient Greece to the baseball diamonds of 1920s America. Robert Redford plays Roy Hobbs, a baseball player whose promising career was cut short in his youth by a deadly dame. 16 years later, Roy is back to fulfill his dream to play major league ball. Just as Achilles had his mythological armor made by the gods, Roy wields his mythological bat, aptly named “Boy Wonder,” made from a tree struck by lightning. When you get down to it, The Natural is about re-birth and going after a dream no matter what it takes. Beautifully shot and masterfully scored, you’ll be bawling like a baby by the time the credits roll.

Best line: “You’ve got a gift Roy . . . but it’s not enough — you’ve got to develop yourself. If you rely too much on your own gift . . . then . . . you’ll fail.”

Ghostbusters

I hold a special place in my heart for Ghostbusters. When I was a kid, I was obsessed with the movie. I watched it over and over, played the video games, and had all the Ghostbusters toys. Moreover, from the ages of 4 until 6, I demanded that my family call me Peter Venkman and not Brett. Back then I loved the movie primarily for the cool special effects and proton packs. 20 years later, I still think the proton packs are cool. But I’m finally starting to appreciate how incredibly funny Ghostbusters is. There’s no deep meaning you can take away from Ghostbusters, it’s just a really entertaining and fun movie. When you’re looking for something to watch after a long day at work, you know who to call.

Best line: “Ray, when someone asks you if you’re a god, you say ‘YES!’”

Ben Hur

Two words: chariot race. Before CGI and all the other wires and fancy tricks, they had real guys doing crazy stuff that most filmmakers today won’t even dream about. And man, does it pay off for this picture. The chariot race is probably the most remembered event in the film, but it is certainly not the guts of the story. Family, the futility of revenge, inner peace, and a host of other themes lay the foundation for the character arc of Judah Ben Hur. One of Charleton Heston’s greatest roles.

Best line: “You can break a man’s skull, you can arrest him, you can throw him into a dungeon. But how do you control what’s up here? How do you fight an idea?”

Groundhog Day

On it’s surface, Groundhog Day is just another comedy. But if you delve deeper, you’ll find a story that drives home some profound messages. Bill Murray plays Phil Connors, a cynical egotistical weatherman who, for some reason, must live the same day over and over. That day just happens to be Groundhog Day. We never learn how long Phil is stuck in this purgatory of repetition. It could have been a month or maybe even a thousand years. While the repetition provides some funny gags, it also sets up a backdrop for Phil (and the audience) to be hit with a heavy dose of anagnorisis. From Phil’s plight we learn the only real change in life can only come from within us.

Best line: “I’m a god.” “You’re God?” “I’m a god. I’m not *the* God . . . I don’t think.”

Top Gun

Another childhood favorite. Remember how I forced my family to call me Peter Venckman for two years after I saw Ghostbusters? Well, after I saw Top Gun in Kindergarten, they were calling me Maverick. In the role that made him a blockbuster star, Tom Cruise plays cocky navy pilot Pete “Maverick” Mitchell who is selected to train with the best of the best at the prestigious Navy flight school called “Top Gun.” Yeah, the story is sort of cheesy and yeah, some of the battle scenes weren’t all that realistic, but Top Gun entertains from beginning to end. Plus, it has a killer Kenny Loggins theme song. What more can you ask for in an 80s flick?

Best line: “I feel the need . . . the need for speed!”

Swingers

We’ve all had moments in our life when our self confidence has been completely obliterated. Nothing goes right and it seems as though nothing will. But with time and some help from our buds, we get our swagger back. To me, that’s what Swingers is all about. John Favereu plays Mike, a crestfallen 20-something living in LA who was recently dumped by his girlfriend. His confidence hits an all time low, but with the help from his smooth talking buddy, Trent (Vince Vaughn), Mike slowly starts to come out of his shell. Swingers has some of the best dialogue I’ve ever seen in a film and is full of memorable quotes you can pull out when your buddy is feeling down on himself.

Best line: “You’re so money and you don’t even know it.”

The Longest Day

June 6, 1944 — the invasion of the Allied soldiers on the beaches of Normandy. One of the turning points in all of history. The film tells the story from both sides — Axis and Allies. For both, it will be the longest day.

Best line: “You can’t give the enemy a break. Send him to hell.”

This post was written as a collaboration between AoM and my good friend Cameron Ming.

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December 18, 2020 at 12:59PM

Knife Rights Ohio Knife Law Reform Bill to Governor – CALL/EMAIL TODAY!

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U.S.A. –-(AmmoLand.com)- We are not yet done with 2020! Knife Rights’ Ohio Knife Law Reform Bill, SB 140, passed the House with a bipartisan vote of 59-23.  SB140 already passed the Senate 32-1. SB 140 now heads to Governor Mike DeWine for his consideration. We need your help to push SB 140 over the line!

If you live, work or travel in OHIO, please use Knife Rights’ Legislative Action Center to ask Gov. DeWine to sign SB 140: https://kniferights.org/resources/congressweb/#/38

DO IT TODAY and help us get this bill done!

Knife Rights was honored to work closely with a number of Ohio legislators over the past six years to get this bill introduced and passed.

Former Senator Joe Uecker, SB 140’s original sponsor, said, “When Knife Rights approached me about this bill, it made perfect sense to me. A completely legal item to possess should be completely legal to manufacture in Ohio. A knife should not be considered a deadly weapon unless it’s used as one. That’s just common sense.”

Uecker continued: “After four years of effort, it is clear that we’d never have gotten this done but for the simple fact that Knife Rights showed up, every time! As anyone successful in getting legislation done knows, being there, in the Capitol, at critical moments, is what makes the difference. Todd Rathner from Knife Rights did that. I sincerely appreciate that he and Knife Rights showed up every single time we needed him at each critical juncture.”

Uecker concluded, “I would also like to thank my fellow legislators who kept this bill moving and especially Chairman Lang for getting SB 140 to the House floor.”

Representative George Lang, Chairman of the Ohio House Criminal Justice Committee, said, “SB140 is just good policy. It is good for Ohio businesses and will create jobs and it is good for Ohio citizens. Decriminalizing simple possession of a knife is much needed criminal justice reform. I was proud to work with Todd from Knife Rights. He was here every step of the way, there’s no substitute for that.”

Co-Sponsor Senator Kristina Roegner, said, “Manufacturing jobs are the lifeblood of Ohio. The fact that you cannot legally manufacture an otherwise legal product in Ohio makes no sense. This is why I co-sponsored SB140; it’s just good policy for Ohio. I’d like to thank Knife Rights for their support and hard work on SB140.”

Rick Hinderer of Hinderer Knives in Shreve, Ohio, said, “I was fully prepared to take our manufacturing of automatic knives to a neighboring state. Then Knife Rights stepped up to fix the law here in Ohio. I worked closely with Todd Rathner from Knife Rights and saw him in action in the Capitol. He easily worked with members from both sides of the aisle. There is no question that without his efforts at the Capitol SB140 would never have been passed. Decriminalizing knife carry was frosting on the cake that I was proud to help make happen. By showing up and doing the hard work, Todd and Knife Rights got the job done for us and all Ohioans.”

Representative Scott Wiggam, Rick Hinderer’s Representative, said, “When I was approached by a constituent who wanted to manufacture automatic knives under contract to the U.S. Government and he told me he couldn’t because of an outdated Ohio statute, I knew we had to fix it. SB140 is the right policy for Ohio and Ohioans. Thanks to Knife Rights and Todd Rathner for being here in the Capitol to make it happen.”

SB 140 would change Ohio knife law by making two separate substantive changes:

1. Repealing the ban on manufacture and sale of “switchblade,” “spring blade” and “gravity” knives; Ohio manufacturers will also be able to supply automatic knives to customers in the 44 states in which they are legal as well as to law enforcement and the military.
2. Clearing up the confusion in Ohio law regarding carry of ANY knife by defining a knife, razor or cutting instrument as a “deadly weapon” or “weapon” ONLY if it is used as a weapon. This would allow carrying any knife concealed in Ohio.

---

About Knife Rights

Knife Rights (www.KnifeRights.org) is Rewriting Knife Law in America, forging a Sharper Future for all knife owners with 32 bills enacted since 2010 repealing knife bans in 22 states and over 100 cities. Knife Rights is dedicated to providing knife owners an effective voice to influence public policy.

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December 18, 2020 at 01:26PM

California Declares Christmas Caroling A Felony

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December 18, 2020 at 02:58PM

The Mandalorian’s Explosive Finale Blew Our Minds and Imploded Its World

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December 18, 2020 at 03:18PM

Data Preprocessing

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Introduction

Data preprocessing is a technique that is used to transform raw data into an understandable format. Raw data often contains numerous errors (lacking attribute values or certain attributes or only containing aggregate data) and lacks consistency (containing discrepancies in the code) and completeness. This is where data preprocessing comes into the picture and provides a proven method of resolving such issues.

Data Preprocessing is that step in Machine Learning in which the data is transformed, or encoded so that the machine can easily read and parse it. In simple terms, the data features can be easily interpreted by the algorithm after undergoing data preprocessing.

Steps involved in Data Preprocessing in Machine Learning

When it comes to Machine Learning, data preprocessing involves the following six steps:

1. Importing necessary libraries.
2. Importing the data-set.
3. Checking and handling the missing values.
4. Encoding Categorical Data.
5. Splitting the data-set into Training and Test Set.
6. Feature Scaling.

Let us dive deep into each step one by one.

Note: The data-set that we will be using throughout this tutorial is as listed below.

❖ Importing Necessary Libraries

Python has a list of amazing libraries and modules which help us in the data preprocessing process. Therefore in order to implement data preprocessing the first and foremost step is to import the necessary/required libraries.

The libraries that we will be using in this tutorial are:

NumPy

NumPy is a Python library that allows you to perform numerical calculations. Think about linear algebra in school (or university) – NumPy is the Python library for it. It’s about matrices and vectors – and doing operations on top of them. At the heart of NumPy is a basic data type, called NumPy array. 

To learn more about the Numpy library please refer to our tutorial here.

Pandas

The Pandas library is the fundamental high-level building block for performing practical and real-world data analysis in Python. The Pandas library will not only allow us to import the data sets but also create the matrix of features and the dependent variable vector.

You can refer to our playlist here which has numerous tutorials on the Pandas libraries.

Matplotlib

The Matplotlib library allows us to plot some awesome charts which is a major requirement in Machine Learning. We have an entire list of tutorials on the Matplotlib library.

Please have a look at this link if you want to dive deep into the Matplotlib library.

So, let us have a look at how we can import these libraries in the code given below:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

❖ Importing The Dataset

Once we have successfully imported all the required libraries, we then need to import the required dataset. For this purpose, we will be using the pandas library.

Note:  

• DataFrames are two-dimensional data objects. You can think of them as tables with rows and columns that contain data. 
• The matrix of features is used to describe the list of columns containing the independent variables to be processed and includes all lines in the given dataset.
• The target variable vector used to define the list of dependent variables in the existing dataset.
• iloc is an indexer for the Pandas Dataframe that is used to select rows and columns by their location/position/index.

Now let us have a look at how we can import the dataset using the concepts we learned above.

dataset = pd.read_csv('Data.csv')
x = dataset.iloc[:,:-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:,-1].values
print(x)
print(y)

Output:

[['Germany' 45.0 80000.0]
 ['Japan' 42.0 32000.0]
 ['India' 35.0 40000.0]
 ['Japan' 25.0 60000.0]
 ['Germany' 25.0 nan]
 ['India' 65.0 80000.0]
 ['Germany' nan 50000.0]
 ['Japan' 55.0 70000.0]
 ['Germany' 25.0 90000.0]
 ['India' 25.0 20000.0]]
['Yes' 'No' 'Yes' 'No' 'Yes' 'No' 'No' 'No' 'Yes' 'Yes']

❖ Checking The Missing Values

While dealing with datasets, we often encounter missing values which might lead to incorrect deductions. Thus it is very important to handle missing values.

There are couple of ways in which we can handle the missing data.

Method 1: Delete The Particular Row Containing Null Value

This method should be used only when the dataset has lots of values which ensures that removing a single row would not affect the outcome. However, it is not suitable when the dataset is not huge or if the number of null/missing values are plenty.

Method 2: Replacing The Missing Value With The Mean, Mode, or Median

This strategy is best suited for features that have numeric data. We can simply calculate either of the mean, median, or mode of the feature and then replace the missing values with the calculated value. In our case, we will be calculating the mean to replace the missing values. Replacing the missing data with one of the above three approximations is also known as leaking the data while training.

➥ To deal with the missing values we need the help of the SimpleImputer class of the scikit-learn library.

Note

• The fit() method takes the training data as arguments, which can be one array in the case of unsupervised learning or two arrays in the case of supervised learning.
•  transform method returns a self-produced data frame that consists of transformed values after the function specified in its parameter has been applied. 

Now that we are well versed with the necessary libraries, modules, and functions needed for handling the missing data in our data set, let us have a look at the code given below to understand how we can deal with the missing data in our example data set.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer

dataset = pd.read_csv('Data.csv')
x = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, -1].values
imputer = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='mean')
imputer.fit(x[:, 1:3])
x[:, 1:3] = imputer.transform(x[:, 1:3])
print(x)

Output:

[['Germany' 45.0 80000.0]
 ['Japan' 42.0 32000.0]
 ['India' 35.0 40000.0]
 ['Japan' 25.0 60000.0]
 ['Germany' 25.0 58000.0]
 ['India' 65.0 80000.0]
 ['Germany' 38.0 50000.0]
 ['Japan' 55.0 70000.0]
 ['Germany' 25.0 90000.0]
 ['India' 25.0 20000.0]]

❖ Encoding Categorical Data

All input and output variables must be numeric in Machine Learning models since they are based on mathematical equations. Therefore, if the data contains categorical data, it must be encoded to numbers.

➥ Categorical Data represents values in the data set that are non numeric.

The three most common approaches for converting categorical variables to numerical values are:

• Ordinal Encoding
• One-Hot Encoding
• Dummy Variable Encoding

In this article we will be using the the One-Hot encoding to encode and the LabelEncoder class for encoding the categorical data.

One-Hot Encoding

One hot encoding takes a column that has categorical data and then splits the column into multiple columns. Depending on which column has what value, they are replaced by 1s and 0s.

In our example, we will get three new columns, one for each country — India, Germany, and Japan. For rows with the first column value as Germany, the ‘Germany’ column will be split into three columns such that, the first column will have ‘1’ and the other two columns will have ‘0’s. Similarly, for rows that have the first column value as India, the second column will have ‘1’ and the other two columns will have ‘0’s. And for rows that have the first column value as Japan, the third column will have ‘1’ and the other two columns will have ‘0’s.

➥ To implement One-Hot Encoding we need the help of the OneHotEncoder class of the scikit-learn libraries’ preprocessing module and the ColumnTransformer class of the compose module.

Label Encoding

In label encoding, we convert the non-numeric values to a number. For example, in our case, the last column consists of Yes and No values. So we can use label coding to ensure that each No is converted to 0, while each Yes is converted to 1.

Let us apply the above concepts and encode our dataset to deal with the categorical data. Please follow the code given below:

# import the necessary libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

# import data set
dataset = pd.read_csv('Data.csv')
x = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, -1].values
imputer = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='mean')
imputer.fit(x[:, 1:3])
x[:, 1:3] = imputer.transform(x[:, 1:3])
ct = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('encoder', OneHotEncoder(), [0])], remainder='passthrough')
x = np.array(ct.fit_transform(x))
le = LabelEncoder()
y = le.fit_transform(y)
print("Matrix of features:")
print(x)
print("Dependent Variable Vector: ")
print(y)

Output:

Matrix of features:
[[1.0 0.0 0.0 45.0 80000.0]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 42.0 32000.0]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 35.0 40000.0]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 25.0 60000.0]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 58000.0]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 65.0 80000.0]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 38.0 50000.0]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 55.0 70000.0]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 90000.0]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 25.0 20000.0]]
Dependent Variable Vector: 
[1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1]

❖ Splitting The Data-set into Training Set and Test Set

After we have dealt with the missing data and the categorical data, the next step is to split the data-set into:

1. Training Set: A subset of the dataset used to train the machine learning model.
2. Test Set: A subset of the dataset used to test the machine learning model.

You can slice the data-set as shown in the diagram below:

It is very important to split the data-set properly into the training set and the test set. Generally it is a good idea to split the data-set into a 80:20 ratio such that 80 percent data is in training set and 30 percent data is in test set. However, the splitting may vary according to size and shape of the data-set.

Caution: Never train on test data. For example, if we have a model that is used to predict whether an email is spam and it uses the subject, email body, and sender’s address as features and we split the dataset into training set and test set in an 80-20 split ratio then after training, the model is seen to achieve 99% precision on both, i.e. training set as well as the test set. Normally, we would expect lower precision for the test set. So, once we look at the data once again, we discover that many examples in the test set are mere duplicates of examples in the training set because we neglected the duplicate entries for the same spam email. Therefore, we cannot measure accurately, how well our model responds to new data.

Now that we are aware of the two sets that we need, let us have a look at the following code that demonstrates how we can do it:

# import the necessary libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

# import data set
dataset = pd.read_csv('Data.csv')
x = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, -1].values
imputer = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='mean')
imputer.fit(x[:, 1:3])
x[:, 1:3] = imputer.transform(x[:, 1:3])
ct = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('encoder', OneHotEncoder(), [0])], remainder='passthrough')
x = np.array(ct.fit_transform(x))
le = LabelEncoder()
y = le.fit_transform(y)
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=1)
print("X Training Set")
print(x_train)
print("X Test Set")
print(x_test)
print("Y Training Set")
print(y_train)
print("Y Test Set")
print(y_test)

Output:

X Training Set
[[1.0 0.0 0.0 38.0 50000.0]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 58000.0]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 45.0 80000.0]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 25.0 60000.0]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 42.0 32000.0]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 55.0 70000.0]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 90000.0]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 65.0 80000.0]]
X Test Set
[[0.0 1.0 0.0 35.0 40000.0]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 25.0 20000.0]]
Y Training Set
[1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0]
Y Test Set
[1 1]

Explaination:

• train_test_split() function allows us to split the data-set into four subsets, two for the matrix of features x i.e. x_train and x_test and two for the dependent variable y i.e. y_train and y_test.
  • x_train: matrix of features for the training data.
  • x_test: matrix of features for testing data.
  • y_train: Dependent variables for training data.
  • y_test: Independent variable for testing data.
• It also contains four parameters, such that:
  • the first two arguments are for the arrays of data.
  • test_size is for specifying the size of the test set.
  • random_state is used to fix the set a seed for a random generator in order to always get the same result.

❖ Feature Scaling

Feature scaling marks the final stage of data preprocessing. So, what is feature scaling? It is the technique to standardize or normalize the independent variables or features of the dataset in a specific range. Thus, feature scaling allows us to scale the variables in a specific range so that a particular variable does not dominate another variable.

Feature scaling can be performed in two ways:

➊ Standardization

The formula for standardization is given below:

➋ Normalization

The formula for normalization is given below:

One of the most commonly asked questions among data scientists is: “Should we use Standardization or Normalization for feature scaling?”

Answer: The choice to use normalization or standardization completely depends on the problem and the algorithm being used. There are no strict rules to decide when to normalize or standardize the data.

• Normalization is good for data distribution when it does not follow a Gaussian distribution. For example, algorithms that don’t assume any distribution of the data like K-Nearest Neighbors and Neural Networks.
• Whereas, Standardization, is helpful in scenarios where the data distribution follows a Gaussian distribution. However, this is not a compulsory rule.
• Unlike, normalization, standardization has no bounding range. So, even if the data has outliers, standardization will not affect them.

In our example, we are going to use the standardization technique. Let us have a look at the following code to understand how to implement feature scaling on our dataset.

# import the necessary libraries
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

# import data set
dataset = pd.read_csv('Data.csv')
x = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values
y = dataset.iloc[:, -1].values
imputer = SimpleImputer(missing_values=np.nan, strategy='mean')
imputer.fit(x[:, 1:3])
x[:, 1:3] = imputer.transform(x[:, 1:3])
ct = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[('encoder', OneHotEncoder(), [0])], remainder='passthrough')
x = np.array(ct.fit_transform(x))
le = LabelEncoder()
y = le.fit_transform(y)
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=1)
sc = StandardScaler()
x_train[:, 3:] = sc.fit_transform(x_train[:, 3:])
x_test[:, 3:] = sc.transform(x_test[:, 3:])
print("Feature Scaling X_train: ")
print(x_train)
print("Feature Scaling X_test")
print(x_test)

Output:

Feature Scaling X_train: 
[[1.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1433148727800037 -0.8505719656856141]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 -1.074861545850028 -0.39693358398661993]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3582871819500093 0.8505719656856141]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 -1.074861545850028 -0.2835239885618714]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1433148727800037 -1.8712583245083512]
 [0.0 0.0 1.0 1.074861545850028 0.2835239885618714]
 [1.0 0.0 0.0 -1.074861545850028 1.4176199428093568]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 1.7914359097500465 0.8505719656856141]]
Feature Scaling X_test
[[0.0 1.0 0.0 -0.3582871819500093 -1.4176199428093568]
 [0.0 1.0 0.0 -1.074861545850028 -2.5517158970568423]]

Explanation:

• Initially, we need to import the StandardScaler class of the scikit-learn library using the following line of code:
  • from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
• Then we create the object of StandardScaler class.
  • sc = StandardScaler()
• After that, we fit and transform the training dataset using the following code:
  • x_train[:, 3:] = sc.fit_transform(x_train[:, 3:])
• Finally, we transform the test dataset using the following code:
  • x_test[:, 3:] = sc.transform(x_train[:, 3:])

Conclusion

Congratulations! You now have all the tools in your arsenal to perform data preprocessing. Please subscribe and stay tuned for the next section of our Machine Learning tutorial!

Where to Go From Here?

Enough theory, let’s get some practice!

To become successful in coding, you need to get out there and solve real problems for real people. That’s how you can become a six-figure earner easily. And that’s how you polish the skills you really need in practice. After all, what’s the use of learning theory that nobody ever needs?

Practice projects is how you sharpen your saw in coding!

Do you want to become a code master by focusing on practical code projects that actually earn you money and solve problems for people?

Then become a Python freelance developer! It’s the best way of approaching the task of improving your Python skills—even if you are a complete beginner.

Join my free webinar “How to Build Your High-Income Skill Python” and watch how I grew my coding business online and how you can, too—from the comfort of your own home.

Join the free webinar now!

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December 18, 2020 at 05:57PM

The Best Gifts for Chicken Nerds

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Comic for December 18, 2020

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December 18, 2020 at 04:41AM

The 7 Best Online Stores for LARP Supplies

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There’s nothing like immersing yourself in a fantasy world, especially with lots of other people alongside you. However, a flawed or expensive outfit can quickly ruin your LARP vibes.

If you don’t have the best crafting skills and prefer to buy gear, there are professionals you can rely on. The following online stores supply all kinds of equipment to LARP events and individual customers. Explore each store’s services and assemble the perfect cost-effective outfit.

What Is LARP?

If you’re a fan of Lord of the Rings, Dungeons and Dragons, or any fantasy RPG video game, then LARPing is a great activity to get into. It stands for Live Action Role Playing and involves group events where everyone dresses up as fantastical characters and acts out a story.

Festivals all over the world, like Germany’s ConQuest, the UK’s Lorien Trust, and Mind’s Eye Society in the US, welcome you as a guest, NPC, or even main character. Some go as far as to provide scripts and fine-tune every detail, from the tavern’s furniture to how spellcasting works.

Above all, there’s a unique freedom to these gatherings. No geek would mind you finding inspiration in popular science fiction books and showing up as Arthur Dent from The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. Steampunk is a particular favorite among LARPing themes too.

1. Andracor

Based in Germany, Andracor is a hallmark name in the LARP community. It offers a huge range of products and shipping to customers worldwide. You’ll find leather armor, broadswords, skull masks, pirate pistols, monster makeup, and so much more.

Prices vary, of course, depending on the item and its quality. A drinking horn holder, for example, is around $12. Jewelry or much simpler products can be cheaper, but expect a full set of plate armor to cost at least a couple hundred dollars.

LARPing is not a cheap hobby. That said, browsing through expert products can inspire you to put your DIY skills to the test and only invest in select items your outfit can’t do without.

2. Chow’s Emporium

This is a UK retailer that also accepts international orders. Chow’s Emporium caters to LARPing demands and also has more unique products, including Oriental styles. The cuts of its tunics, for example, are embellished with extra patterns or fabrics.

Some downsides to the Emporium is that it doesn’t have armor, and its prices reflect the quality of the products. For instance, a jacket and tunic set with faux leather and a mantle will cost you around $326.

As already suggested, you could just get special pieces from here, like unique hats or hip flasks, and combine them with products from other stores or with pieces of your own design. Alternatively, you can always save up and buy the most eye-catching outfit for your next LARP event.

3. Larp Inn

Larp Inn is another major UK-based supplier of LARP equipment. It has been keeping fantasy fans happy for years now, even offering board games like D&D and Warhammer. If what you’re after is definitely armor or a battle ax, the Larp Inn is still a reliable shop to check out.

The quality is good, and although the styles aren’t anything special, it still has some nice Celtic, Samurai, and even steampunk designs. The cost can be just as high as the previous stores on this list, with a breastplate alone reaching over $140. You also have to factor in shipping rates, whether for UK or international destinations.

Once again, smart purchases are the way to go. You can put an outfit together piece by piece without breaking the bank, all while combining different features and giving your look a more personalized touch.

4. Your Larp Store

Germany is a great place for LARPing, as it has some of the best suppliers—Your Larp Store is one of them. You can be sure of the quality of the products coming from Your Larp Store, which takes its stock and crafting skills very seriously.

Prices range from around $10 to over $1,000, so choose your investments carefully. A handy part of the platform to check out is the Do It Yourself tab. This contains materials to make your own equipment, like chainrings, leather straps, and silicone spray for weapons.

Alongside additional wares like photo CDs and LARPzeit magazine, Your Larp Store is also a popular source of industry news, especially about ConQuest and similar events.

5. Calimacil

Canada has its own LARP workshop and store to contribute to the world of LARPing. Its products range from common medieval and fantasy gear to items based on popular video games like The Witcher, Kingdom Come: Deliverance, and Destiny. For around $78 to $188, you can even order a custom sword, ax, or staff.

Simple trinkets, like quills, come to little more than $10. More intricate products, like metal armor, can be over $500. Whether you want pieces of a costume or a whole set, you can control the size of your investment without compromising your outfit’s quality.

Another noteworthy fact is that Calimacil collaborates with fellow creative companies to offer LARPers every possible luxury. Seyrawyn, a fantasy publishing house, stocks the store with books for all ages, while Mythic Workshop adds to its high-end fantasy equipment.

6. Epic Armoury

Love of LARP is universal, and the fact that LARP suppliers exist all over the world makes that especially clear. Epic Armoury is located in Denmark and often collaborates with event organizers to create the most immersive environment possible.

That’s why you’ll find a lot of interesting equipment on its website. Roman fire pits, medieval cutlery, potion flasks, skulls, and gold coins are just some special items available. It also has typical fantasy gear, such as armor, clothing, accessories, and so on.

There are some products that are under $10, but anything bigger and more complex than a bracelet will cost more. It also has a DIY section to help LARPers who like to craft their experiences from scratch.

Related: Top Knitting Apps for Beginners and Experts

7. Armstreet

Last but not least, this US company has a vast collection to dive into. Armstreet caters to all medieval tastes, from Viking and Tudor to fairytale styles. It’s not just tunics and dresses you’ll see, but also aprons, headwear, socks, and chemises.

The designs stay loyal to the times, and also cater to LARPers ready to splurge on some extra pieces to make their outfit pop. This includes beautiful jewelry and mirrors, but also archery bracers, cloaks, and belts.

In terms of cost, Armstreet isn’t cheap. A steel and leather mug costs about $44, and that’s typically the lowest price you’ll find here. But when sales go live, you can expect some decent discounts. You just need to time it right and have a specific budget in mind.

Know Your LARP Needs and Suppliers

With a passion for fantasy or medieval themes, you can live the LARP dream. It does take planning and smart spending, however, to avoid going overboard while putting your outfit together.

A great costume really doesn’t have to cost a fortune. At the same time, you can have fun crafting some of its features and refining the overall effect. All you need are the right supplies. Between these top-notch online LARP stores, there’s not much you can’t create.

non critical

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December 18, 2020 at 11:06AM

A few more notes on the AR-15 platform

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Readers have asked a number of questions about the AR-15 rifle and/or carbine platform since my article on Tuesday titled "Can a cheap, bargain-basement AR-15 keep up with a high-end model?"  A number of them related to the difficulty of obtaining rifles of known quality or provenance, particularly in times of widespread shortages such as this.

First off, let me refer readers to the three-part series on this subject that I wrote earlier this year:

1. The personal defense rifle, part 1: a few thoughts
2. The personal defense rifle, part 2: reader’s questions
3. The personal defense rifle, part 3: choosing ammunition

Those articles covered most of the questions.  For the rest, here goes with some more answers.

1.  An AR-15 has two major parts, an upper receiver and a lower receiver.  What’s the difference, and which is most important?

The lower receiver is the part of the AR-15 that’s officially a "firearm", according to Federal law, and is the part that requires a background check when you buy an AR-15 from a dealer.  It contains the trigger mechanism that fires the gun, and without it the gun can’t fire:  therefore it’s the licensed, registered part.  The serial number appears on it (usually engraved or stamped on the magazine well).

A lower receiver is, oddly enough, the least important quality concern when it comes to building an AR-15.  As long as you have a stripped (i.e. bare, unequipped) lower that meets military specifications (so-called "mil-spec"), including dimensions, materials and quality, you’re good to go.  It’s the parts you put into the lower receiver (pins, springs, and most importantly the trigger group) that make it high- or low-quality.  Most AR-15 "home-builders" or modifiers (like myself) source their lower receiver parts kits from decent-quality manufacturers, so there are seldom any issues with them.  (That’s exactly what factories do, too, except that they buy their parts by the thousands, whereas we buy them one or two at a time.  They come from the same sources.)

For example, my local gun shop currently has a dozen or so parts kits from Anderson Manufacturing – a lower-priced manufacturer – on its rack, and they’re selling like hot cakes.  Anderson makes hundreds of thousands of AR-15 rifles, carbines and parts kits every year, so if their parts didn’t work or broke, you’d hear about it in short order from tens of thousands of angry customers.  You don’t.  Q.E.D.  That doesn’t mean that their parts are all necessarily high-quality.  Their trigger, for example, is acceptable, but far from stellar.  I usually replace them (see below for more details).

The one really important variable in the lower receiver is the trigger group.  A stock-standard mil-spec trigger is acceptable, but not much more than that.  A "tuned" or "polished" standard trigger is somewhat better.  A custom trigger can be head and shoulders above that . . . but the law of diminishing returns applies.  You can spend a little more and get a big improvement in trigger quality;  but if you spend much more, you won’t necessarily get a much bigger improvement.

In the past, I’ve recommended the single-stage ALG Advanced Combat Trigger ($69), or for those who want maximum accuracy in a designated-marksman-type rifle, the two-stage LaRue Tactical MBT-2S ($80).  I recently put two rifles in front of a friend, one fitted with the LaRue trigger, the other with a Geissele trigger costing more than three times as much.  I challenged him to tell me which was the more expensive (and therefore presumably "better") trigger.  He couldn’t.  They were both very good.  That being the case, I don’t think it’s worth spending more than the ALG or LaRue units will cost you.  I have both.  For my general-purpose rifles I stay with the ALG.  For two very accurate rifles, that I may use at longer range and therefore want as much trigger control as possible, I use the LaRue.

The upper receiver is, according to Federal law, not a firearm.  You can buy it without any license or background check (at least at present).  It holds the barrel, bolt carrier group, and everything that goes with them (sights, both optical and mechanical;  anything attached to the handguard, like lights, lasers, etc.;  brass catchers;  etc.).  Its components are therefore critical to accuracy, as much as reliability, and you should choose the best you can.  I know a large number of people who’ve bought or built the best-quality upper receiver group they could afford, then paired it with a much less expensive mil-spec lower receiver.  The performance of the upper receiver isn’t affected by the lower, so the performance of the rifle overall doesn’t suffer – and they save a lot of money.  I’ve done that with a Bravo Company 20" upper receiver group, which I’ve paired with a DPMS lower receiver fitted with a high-quality match trigger.  That thing’s a tack-driver by anyone’s standards (under 1 MOA with match ammo), and it cost me about two-thirds of what Bravo Company wanted for a full rifle.  It’s what I could afford at the time, and I’ve never regretted it.

The basic upper receiver should meet military specifications as to dimensions, quality of metal, etc.  Some go further.  For example, Bravo Company (one of the top AR-15 manufacturers in the country) is famous (or notorious!) for making its upper receivers to such tight tolerances that it’s really hard work to fit a new barrel to them.  One has to take a heat gun, warm up the barrel socket until it expands, fit the barrel into it (usually needing a hammer, lubrication, and a liberal supply of profanity), and then let the socket cool down around it, locking it into place.  That’s one of the reasons why Bravo Company rifles, receivers and parts command such high prices.  Their reliability and build quality are well-known and respected.

Barrels are, of course, particularly important (for an exhaustive guide to barrels, see here and here).  A standard mil-spec barrel, made to meet US military standards, has to shoot its rounds into a 5" group at 100 yards (colloquially referred to as "5 MOA" [minute of angle], although that’s not correct, strictly speaking, in purely mathematical terms).  I regard that as hopelessly inadequate.  If one of my rifles won’t shoot into 2" at 100 yards from a stable shooting position, I either fix it or replace it!  The military barrel also has to last for at least 6,000 rounds before needing replacement.  That’s not as much as it sounds:  it’s the equivalent of only 200 30-round magazines through the weapon.  Just about any commercial barrel will meet those standards, and anything worth the name will be much better than that.  Of course, the better barrels will cost more;  I’ve paid up to $300 for good-quality examples, and if you go to a custom barrel-maker, you can pay well into four figures for one.

The bolt carrier group (BCG) is also important from the perspective of reliability.  A cheap BCG will have a rougher finish (usually phosphate), requiring more lubrication to be reliable.  More expensive BCG’s will have a black nitride or nickel boron finish, or even (in the most costly examples) a titanium nitride coating.  These slide more easily in the upper receiver, and need less lubrication.  (See here and here for more information on BCG coatings.)

A BCG (or representative examples from a production batch) should go through a high-pressure test (HPT) and a magnetic particle inspection (MPI).  The gas key should also be properly staked, and the extractor spring good and strong.  I willingly pay higher prices for BCG’s from reputable manufacturers, rather than bargain-basement models, because those companies take time and trouble to meet those standards.  However, any company selling large numbers of BCG’s will be forced to pay attention to quality, because if they didn’t, they (and we) would rapidly hear about it from dissatisfied customers.

2.  In today’s gun market, I can’t find any "name-brand" AR-15’s for sale in local gun shops.  Should I buy anything I can get for now, and buy a better one later?  Isn’t that throwing my money away?

It depends on your need.  If you’re likely to need a rifle or carbine for defensive purposes (e.g. you live in or near an area of urban unrest or rioting, or there are criminal gangs active nearby), then your priorities are very different from someone living on a farm in an isolated area with no likely trouble spots anywhere nearby.  If time is of the essence, get the best you can, and plan to upgrade it later – not necessarily selling it, but buying better parts like an improved trigger, etc.  If the budget is tight, sure, trade it in against something more to your taste.

It’s also important to test your weapon thoroughly at the range.  I know some folks who buy a gun and never shoot it.  They simply load it and put it away in case of need.  If it’s not the best quality, and may be prone to malfunctions, they’ll only find out about it when they really need it – and that may be too late to do anything to fix it.  Rather take your gun to the range and put a couple of hundred rounds through it, to break in and bed down all the moving parts, and make sure there are no malfunctions.  If there are, take it back to the vendor and insist that it be fixed or replaced.  Your life may depend on it!

If you can’t find an acceptable-quality AR-15, don’t neglect other options.  Lever-action rifles have been defending lives (as well as putting meat on the table) for more than one-and-a-half centuries, from the Civil War-era Henry and Spencer rifles to today’s Winchesters, Marlins, Henrys and others.  The late, great Jeff Cooper referred to a lever-action rifle or carbine as a modern-day "urban assault rifle", because of their handiness and utility.  You can usually get a license for them in even the most restrictive cities, and they do a very good job within their limitations.  I have several, and I’ll gladly entrust my life to them if I have to.  Other options are pump-action (also known as slide-action) rifles, shotguns, etc.  I agree, the AR-15 platform is a very good one for defensive use, and I prefer it:  but if I couldn’t afford one, or find a worthwhile example for sale, I wouldn’t be helpless without it.

3.  The incoming Biden administration has promised to ban, confiscate or tax AR-15’s.  Doesn’t that mean it’s not worth buying one?

I’m not going to tell anyone to break the law.  That’s a personal decision each of us has to make.  However, I’ll point out three things.

1. For almost as long as the USA has existed, and particularly during the Civil Rights era, civil disobedience became part of the American political and legal lexicon.  Laws were deliberately defied if they were seen as oppressive or discriminatory.
2. When New York passed its "NY SAFE Act" in 2013, requiring the registration of all so-called "assault weapons" (including AR-15’s), civil disobedience was – and remains – massive.  "Based on an estimate from the National Shooting Sports Federation, about 1 million firearms in New York State meet the law’s assault-weapon criteria, but just 44,000 have been registered. That’s a compliance rate of about 4 percent."
3. When Connecticut passed new gun control legislation in 2013, the same thing happened.  "The governor’s new gun law is a dismal, unmitigated failure.  According to figures recently released by the state police, approximately 50,000 out of an estimated half-million "assault rifles" in the state of Connecticut were registered under the new gun law.  That is a compliance rate of only about 10 percent … The figures are even more acutely low for large capacity magazines. The compliance rate for large capacity magazines appears to be considerably less than 1 percent of the estimated number of affected magazines."

Does anyone expect a national ban or registration requirement to be any more successful?  I certainly don’t!  Furthermore, the number of gun owners I’ve heard loudly lament the "terrible loss" of all their so-called "assault weapons" and large-capacity magazines in an "unfortunate boating accident" must surely mean that the bottoms of most US dams, lakes, rivers and streams are now several feet deep in firearms!

I’ll also point out the well-known proverb from the days of the Old West:  "I’d rather be judged by twelve (i.e. jurors) than carried by six (i.e. pallbearers at my funeral)".

I hope that clarifies the questions I was asked.  If you have more, let us know in Comments, and I’ll try to answer them.

Peter

non critical

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December 18, 2020 at 07:14AM